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Many distinct cultures may evolve from a single nationality. Values and priorities of a culture are often what separate it from another. In America beginning around 1607, the English began settling two main regions; however by 1700 two diverse societies had emerged. In the unruly Chesapeake region, English principals revolved around tobacco and revenue for the Motherland, while the English of New England in the North developed Puritan principals of strict religion and unity. The development of these societies arose for the need to survive and live the way each believed was for the best.
The first English came to America in search of a possible route to the Indies, and of course the vast gold and riches, which the New World was said to have an abundance of. The first permanent English settlement in 1607 was Jamestown on the banks of the James River in the Chesapeake Bay. This was an effort of a joint-stock company, known as the Virginia Company, established in England, to milk the lands for all of its profits, a proposal that was to endure only a few years. However the group of all male settlers, greedy and hungry for riches became unruly and could not cooperate until the Captain John Smith created order, which was much needed. Disease, malnutrition and starvation were paramount on the shores of Virginia, killing droves of settlers. Those who survived would reap the profits of the tobacco boom.
Tobacco was a crop which flourished in the Chesapeake area. The need for cheap labor arose, considering the indentured servants could easily escape, had limited numbers and other disadvantages, African slaves were brought in and would become a staple in southern society. Only wealthy plantation owners could afford such luxury as black slaves, and usually had large influences in local government, leaving the little guy out. Less fortunate settlers were under the jurisdiction of English appointed governors and often mistreated and ignored. Profit was above equal opportunity and fairness. The English of the South created a society which was based heavily on plantations; not much unity, much competition and where practice of slavery was accepted.
The English of the New England area were a different type of people. These were English Puritans which wanted to separate from the Church of England and bask in religious freedom far from the Motherland. The first groups to arrive were Separatists, or extreme Puritans at Plymouth Bay in 160, who were appalled by the Roman Catholic Church of England under James I. Loathing of the Puritans continued in England, and in 16 Charles I authorized Puritan persecutions, prompting the largest migration of the Puritans between 16 and 164, to the rocky New England region, where many could start over in a land with others who had the same values and honorable ideas.
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The Puritans of New England were deeply religious and believed the Bible was law. As God fearing individuals, they feared hell and lived God's word. Unity in the community was key. Family values and togetherness was also vital. They believed they must become close knit and work as one, rich or poor. Take on all the good and bad with a great sense of togetherness. A belief system that could be considered a similar to communism, with all receiving equal share of everything from land plots to wages. Employment in New England was not made of crops needing servants or slaves, but of small farms, industry and commerce. This made the people self reliant and resourceful. The New England society was based on strong morals based on solid religious beliefs, equality, brotherhood and a hint of rebellion.
Cultures or societies develop to cater to the needs of a people. Ethics, ideals and principals established in a nation may differentiate from the beliefs of some of its citizens, creating a need for a new culture or cultures. English settlers in America formed two distinctive societies in less then a century, though they came from the same land. The Chesapeake way of life was based on isolated crops and profits, as the Puritans of New England donned a society which was about brotherhood and religion that proved productive. The development of these two particular societies in the seventeenth century would alter the course of history in ways never imagined.
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