Ethics

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What is ethics? Simply put, ethics involves learning what is right or wrong, and then doing the right thing, but the right thing is not nearly as straightforward as it seems to be.

Ethics is the careful study of standards of behavior that apply to real-world problems and decisions. It gives us insights into what we should do.

The minute we put the word 'should' in a sentence, we are probably talking about ethics. Colleges should (or should not) take race into account in admissions. Health care coverage should (or should not) be a substantial part of the state budget. Although ethics deals with right and wrong, it is not a discipline that always leads everyone to the same conclusions. It is not the captive of liberals or conservatives.

Of course, there are situations that are wrong by any standard. The recently reported advise given by former Enron Chairman Kenneth Lay to the investors to hold on their investments in the company while he himself kept selling the shares of the company is a case in point. But there are other issues where right and wrong is less clear. To guide our reflection on such difficult questions, philosophers, religious teachers and other thinkers have shaped various approaches to ethical decision-making.

Help with essay on ethics Many philosophers consider ethics to be the science of conduct. Ethics includes the fundamental ground rules by which we live our lives. Philosophers have been discussing ethics for at least 500 years, since the time of Socrates and Plato. Many ethicists consider emerging ethical beliefs to be state of the art legal matters, i.e., what becomes an ethical guideline today is often translated to a law, regulation or rule tomorrow. Values, which guide how we ought to behave, are considered moral values, e.g., values such as respect, honesty, fairness, responsibility, etc. Statements around how these values are applied are sometimes called moral or ethical principles.

Most ethical dilemmas in the workplace are not simply a matter of Should Bob steal from Jack? or Should Jack lie to his boss? Business ethics are a hot topic these days. With everything from insider trading to employee theft on the rise, it is no wonder that businesses are beginning to focus on the impact of ethical leadership. But along with this new focus comes a lot of gray area. Many times, managers are forced to decide on issues where there are arguments on both sides - a problem that makes ethical decision-making very difficult.

So what is Business Ethics? The concept has come to mean various things to various people, but generally its coming to know what it right or wrong in the workplace and doing whats right -- this is in regard to effects of products/services and in relationships with stakeholders. Attention to business ethics is critical during times of fundamental change -- times much like those faced now by businesses, both nonprofit or for-profit. In times of fundamental change, values that were previously taken for granted are now strongly questioned. Many of these values are no longer followed. Consequently, there is no clear moral compass to guide leaders through complex dilemmas about what is right or wrong. Attention to ethics in the workplace sensitizes leaders and staff to how they should act. Perhaps most important, attention to ethics in the workplaces helps ensure that when leaders and managers are struggling in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral compass. However, attention to business ethics provides numerous other benefits, as well (these benefits are listed later in this document).

Many people react that business ethics, with its continuing attention to doing the right thing, only asserts the obvious (be good, dont lie, etc.), and so these people dont take business ethics seriously. For many of us, these principles of the obvious can go right out the door during times of stress. Consequently, business ethics can be strong preventative medicine. Anyway, there are many other benefits of managing ethics in the workplace.

Many ethicists assert theres always a right thing to do based on moral principle, and others believe the right thing to do depends on the situation -- ultimately its up to the individual.

Lets look at an example.

Sally started her consulting business a year ago and has been doing very well. About a month ago, she decided she needed to hire someone to help her since she was getting busier and busier. After interviewing several candidates, she decided to hire the best one of the group, Mary. She called Mary on Monday to tell her she had gotten the job. They both agreed that she would start the following Monday and that Mary could come in and fill out all of the hiring paperwork at that time.

On Tuesday, of the same week, a friend of Sallys called her to say that she had found the perfect person for Sally. Sally explained that she had already hired someone, but the friend insisted. Just meet this girl. Who knows, maybe you might want to hire her in the future! Rather reluctantly, Sally consented. Alright, if she can come in tomorrow, Ill meet with her, but thats all. Oh, Im so glad. I just know youre going to like her! Sallys friend exclaimed.

And Sally did like her. She likes her a lot. Sally had met with Julie on Wednesday morning. She was everything that Sally had been looking for and more. In terms of experience, Julie far surpassed any of the candidates Sally had previously interviewed, including Mary. On top of that, she was willing to bring in clients of her own that would only increase business. All in all, Sally knew this was a win-win situation. But what about Mary? She had already given her word to Mary that she could start work on Monday.

And yet she only had the resources to hire one person at this point. Clearly, the best business decision was to hire Julie. But what about the ethical decision? If her business did poorly or Mary couldnt provide enough support, the business would suffer. As a result, her family would suffer. Money was already tight, what with two boys in college. And yet she knew Mary also had a family she was supporting. Plus, she had been so enthusiastic about starting to work.

Obviously, Sally had a problem - an ethical problem. Should she hire Mary (whom shed already given her word) or Julie (who was obviously the best person for the job)? Questions like these touch on our deepest values. Depending on whom you would ask, you would get strong arguments for both decisions. This is what we mean when we talk about gray area. So what is the answer?

Managing ethics in the workplace holds tremendous benefit as well as challenges for leaders and managers, benefits both moral and practical. This is particularly true today when it is critical to understand and manage highly diverse values and in the workplace.

However, the field of business ethics has traditionally been the domain of philosophers, academics and social critics. Consequently, much of todays literature about business ethics is not geared toward the practical needs of leaders and managers -- the people primarily responsible for managing ethics in the workplace. The most frequent forms of business ethics literature today typically include a) philosophical, which requires extensive orientation and analysis; b) anthologies, which require much time, review and integration; c) case studies, which require numerous cases, and much time and analyses to synthesize; and d) focus on social responsibility, which includes many examples of good and bad actions taken by companies. This lack of practical information is not the fault of philosophers, academic or social critics. The problem is the outcome of insufficient involvement of leaders and managers in discussion and literature about business ethics. More leaders and managers must become involved.

Assumptions of Business Ethics

Suppose we contend that business is indeed an honorable profession? Does this mean that people in business can do no wrong?

Clearly not, but they would normally be quite worthy of respect and even admiration, when they carry out their professional tasks conscientiously, successfully. Even without any extracurricular deeds of charity or generosity, those in business, as those in education or science, could be seen as embarking upon morally worthwhile tasks. There are, however, pitfalls in business, as in any other profession, which is why business ethics is an important field of study, a sub-field of professional ethics (which is itself a sub-field of role ethics). Though, business ethics is what so often is said about it, an oxymoron. For anything so directly concerned with self-promotion couldn't possible be justified as being motivated impartially? With business as an honorable profession, it can now be appreciated that the field has some unique tasks where one faces temptations to go wrong, to become corrupted, no more or less so than in medicine, art, science, and education.

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