The targets of francois rabelais in Gargatua and Pantagruel

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Francois Rabelais craftily picks out certain tendencies he observes, in the world in which he lives, and expresses his disapproval through coarse satire in Gargantua and Pantagruel while using several examples from many allegorical sources. Included in his vast range of societal offenders are women, lawyers, and clerical members. Rabelais more than merely touches on each of these subjects and does not hesitate to slander them thoroughly before advancing on to his next unfortunate victim of criticism.

As was customary in the fourteenth century, women were held in low stature in France in comparison with men. Rabelais, no doubt, shared these beliefs and expresses them through his satire in Gargatua and Pantagruel. This is exemplified in his first book in which Rabelais begins to mention something about a woman, but soon stops himself because the discussion is not worth his time. Secondarily, he spends much of his time in book three discussing the subject of cuckoldry as it pertains to Panurge. Panurge wants to be married however, every time he seeks council on the matter, he is told that he will be cuckolded. In Panurge's endless discussions with Rondibilis, Hippothadeus, and Wordspooler, women are declared by Doctor Rondibilis to cuckold without fail in any marriage. Any marriage, Rondibilis declares, is subject to cuckoldry due to human nature. However, this declaration only applies to women; women are, in the minds of the intelligencia, quite imperfect in their composition,

"When I say 'woman', I speak of a sex so brittle, so variable, so changeable, so inconsistent and imperfect, that it seems to me (speaking in all honor and reverence) that when nature created woman she was somehow out of her mind and lost the good sense displayed in her other creations"(7)

Rabelais obviously sees the female species as a sub-perfect creation with just a little more control than a wild beast. Rondibilis states that after a long period of studying the female sex that he did not know how to describe them, "were they reasoning animals or brute beasts?"(7). He goes on to take their character to extremes when he says they would be wilder and fiercer than Proteus' daughters had nature ceased in endowing them with a bit of shyness and shame (7). Essentially Rabelais views women as a sub-par race useful only for deception and child bearing.

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Rabelais continues in Gargantua and Pantagruel to criticize and target groups of people. Lawyers are certainly one of the most abundantly targeted groups in his books. Lawyers, also known as Shysters, are definitely frowned upon by Rabelais, "'...-For by all that's holy I'd rather take a hundred sledgehammer blows right on my helmet, fighting for our good king, than be summoned just once by those hounddog[cis] shysters, only for the amusement of one fat priest'"(40). Rabelais views the shysters as annoying tools, whose sole purpose is only to bother him. He declares lawyers and shysters "poeple plainly capable of absolutely anything"[no matter how low the job](415). Rabelais finds the shysters' approach to earning money amusing; instead of working a normal job they go out and receive beatings for money. They are effectively used as a middleman between a nobleman and a proxy. The benefit of this arrangement is that if either party happens to be unhappy with the news they receive, they simply beat the shyster to their satisfaction. Rabelais believes that all lawyers and shysters should be treated in this manner, which is why he includes the account in which a Maitre Francios Villon and his pages covertly scare a shyster riding on a virgin mare so badly that the horse defecates and drags the shyster to death. Lord Basche tells this story to his servants acting in the Basche weddings to show that their good acting will be rewarded in the same manner as the servants of Maitre Villon. Several Basche weddings are seen in which shysters are beaten so badly that they come out of the ceremony not knowing what happened. Amusingly, only one of the shysters knows about the Basche weddings and decides to start the wedding bouts early. Rabelais uses these to exemplify how very stupid and trifling the matters of shysters truly are. Rabelais obviously holds officers of the court low in his mind.

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Outline on Sickle cell anemia

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Abstract Sickle cell anemia is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed ...

Sickle Cell Anemia

... I know if I have It? Can I get It from my boyfriend? If I do have It, how can I treat It? Questions, after questions, all pertaining to one subject, sickle cell anemia, a disease that has affected the lives and homes of many people. Not knowing all you can know about this disease is the 5% added to ...

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SICKLE CELL Sickle cell disease is a genetic disease meaning that it is not contagious nor can it be transmitted through contact, this disease can only be caught through birth. Sickle cell anemia is a disease that affects people who originate from areas of Africa, parts of India and the Mediterranean ...

Sickle Cell

Sickle cell anemia is a chronic disease in which the red blood cells loose their disc-shape and become crescent. As a result of this change in shape, they function abnormally and break down, causing reoccurring painful episodes. An abnormal type of hemoglobin called "hemoglobin S" causes sickle cell ...

sickle cell disease

The genetic disorder I was told to research was the Sickle Cell Disease. I will explain what mutation causes this disease, the characteristics of it, and what has developed in the area of gene therapy because of it. The Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited disease. The gene for hemogoblin-S (which causes ...

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Responsibilities

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Responsibilities

There were many instances in my life that have shaped my values, intellect, and academic or career goals. I was raised by my parents to become a hard worker, independent, and caring young adult. I was taught how to be all these qualities by a combination of experiencing and witnessing them first hand.

I quickly learned at a very young age the value of hard work. Both of my parents had worked hard to achieve their dreams of a nice home, cars, and financial stability. Their working hard not only paid off financially, but they taught my brother and I, that working hard was imperative to life. I was given a set of chores and an allowance every week, which taught me responsibility and how to manage money. I also realized that cooperation goes hand in hand with hard work. My brother and I would help each other with our chores from time to time. I did not know that cooperation works on a larger scale in the workplace, which sometimes one needs help to achieve their ultimate goal.

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Growing up with a brother taught me to be unselfish, patient, and respectful. Being the youngest, I learned I would not always get what I wanted. I would have to be patient and wait my turn for a lot of things, such as the telephone and bathroom. I was glad that I was able to grow up with a sibling to teach me these lifelong lessons. Both of us had to be respectful of each other or we would risk getting in trouble with my parents.

My parents raised me to be independent, which I can say that I am. I learned that I cannot always rely on other people and that I need to do things for myself, I control my own destiny. If I needed or wanted something done, then I would have to do it myself. I got a job in order to take my financial independence from my parents, one step further. At the same time, I was learning to be responsible.

My father had always put pressure on me to be school oriented. I played numerous sports, but was required to maintain decent grades in order to participate in my athletic leagues. I had to study each night and prepare for all my tests to do well. There were sometimes when studying was the last thing on my mind, but I still managed to set aside a little time to look over my schoolwork. I was forced to balance my academic life with my athletic life. If I were not brought up to do well academically, I would not have the desire to take my education to a higher level.

The combination of my familys influence and my own will power has molded me into a self-reliant, well-rounded young adult. Hard work, determination, and a clear academic focus are lifelong lessons that I learned through example and experience.

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Forever yours

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Before this case occurred there were certain laws already in place that prohibited obscenity over radio. One of these laws was the law of nuisance. This law generally speaks to channeling behavior more than actually prohibiting it.(Simones, 15) The law in essence meant that certain words depicting a sexual nature were limited to certain times of the day when children would not likely be exposed. Broadcasters were trusted to regulate themselves and what they broadcast over the airwaves. There were no specific laws or surveillance by regulatory groups to assure that indecent and obscene material would not be broadcast. Therefore, when the case of the FCC vs. Pacifica made its way to the Supreme Court it was a dangerous decision for the Supreme Court to make. Could the government regulate the freedom of speech? That was the ultimate question.

Carlins monologue was speech according to the first amendment.(Simones, 15) Because of this Pacifica argued that the first amendment prohibits all governmental regulation that depends on the content of speech.(Gunther, 11) However there is no such absolute rule mandated by the constitution, according to the Supreme Court.(Gunther, 11) Therefore the question is whether a broadcast of patently offensive words dealing with sex and excretion may be regulated because of its content. The fact that society may find speech offensive is not a sufficient reason for suppressing it.(Gunther, 11) The Supreme Court deemed that these words offend for the same reasons that obscenity offends. They also state that these words, even though they had no literary meaning or value, were still protected by the first amendment.(Gunther, 11) So what does this mean to the American public? This decision gave government the power to regulate, whereas it did not before.

Broadcasting, out of all forms of communication, has received the most limited protection of the first amendment. There are two main reasons why. First, the broadcast media have established a uniquely pervasive presence in the lives of all Americans.(Gunther, 11) Airwaves not only confront the public but also the citizen. They can come into our homes uninvited or, you never know what to expect when they are invited in. In this case the Court decided that because the broadcast audience is constantly tuning in and out, prior warnings cannot completely protect the listener or viewer from unexpected program content.(Gunther, 11) So heres the simple solution, turn off the radio. How hard can that be? Its not too difficult but the Supreme Court decided to say that one may avoid further offense by turning off the radio...is like saying that the remedy for assault is run away after the first blow.(Gunther, 11

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Revolution iN China

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Research Notes for Assignment on Revolution in China

General Information on China

• In 111 china was declared a democratic country

• China has come to be dominated by foreign powers

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• China is republic

• Lacks real military and political force

• Ruled by emperors

• Emperors had all the power if they were weak they would be over thrown

• There were three main religions in china Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

• Confucianism were the main teachings of China. You had to be educated to become a mandarin and education was expensive therefore only the wealthiest people became mandarins.

• There were two political parties; guomindag (nationalists) and communists

• Sun Yatsen had started many revolts, most of which were successful

• There was growing support for the nationalist party

• After Sun Yatsen had started the revolts he was forced to leave china.

• As a sign of revolt the men cut their pigtails

• Sun Yatsen returned from exile he was elected Provincial President

• The Chinese government sent armies to get rid of sun and his followers, these backfired as the general made an agreement with Sun

• After the 111-1 revolution there was poverty and disease

• There was very little land for the peasants who had to pay high taxes and rent

Information on Chosen Character Emperor Puyi

• Wasn't Chinese

• Member of the Ch'ing dynasty

• Manchu Nationality

• Born 106

• Died 167

• Descended form nomads

• From her death bed empress Cixi nominated Puyi to be her successor

• Puyi is forced to leave his family to live in the forbidden city

• Puyi's father. Prince Ch'un, served as a regent in Puyi's palace

• Puyi was a conformist, he went along with ideas in order to keep the peace

• He lived in luxury for most of his life but was considered by his peers to be meek.

• He trusted many people and was easily betrayed

• Became emperor at age

• It was decided in 117 when Puyi was that an effort would be made to restore him to power

• Accusations form Chinese government said that he was being used as a puppet.

• The first air raids were launched upon the forbidden city

• Puyi's supporters left him and he later lost the throne.

• After losing the throne he remained in the forbidden city and lived much as he did before

• He did not meet another child until he was seven when his siblings came to visit him.

• When Puyi's brother came to visit, Puyi noticed that the lining of his sleeve had golden lining (which was considered a colour reserved for emperors) in a fit of rage Puyi began screaming at his brother.

• Puyi studied history, poetry and Chinese, he later took up English

• Puyi realized he was a prisoner within the forbidden city and made an attempt to escape

• At the age of 16 it was decided that Puyi should marry, he at first picked a 1 year old, he was told she was too ugly and would not be suitable as an empress, he then picked another and later married.

• In 14 Puyi was forced to leave the forbidden city taking with him only his imperial seal and a briefcase of precious stones

• He went to live in his father's mansion and was treated like a normal citizen, which he most enjoyed.

• Puyi's reign was called the Hsuan T'ung

• Even though Puyi wasn't emperor people still knelt and kowtowed to him.

• He did not see his mother until he was 10. She died when he was 1 after swallowing a ball of opium.

• It was a common argument between consorts and his mother (before her death) no how Puyi was to be raised.

• Puyi was visited every few months by his father who never stayed for more that two minutes.

• Where ever Puyi went in the forbidden city he was followed buy a huge procession

• Even when he wasn't emperor he was treated like a god, he had no set mealtimes; when he wanted to eat he would simply command 'Bring the food' as soon as he said this he would be brought 6 tables of food.

• The changes in china would be supported by the emperor as he was much for the people's welfare.

• Although being forced to abdicate a number of times, Puyi preferred being a normal citizen thus I think he would think it for the better with the new system of governance; the absence of emperors

• Puyi was a devout Buddhist and stopped his consorts killing flies and mice

• Puyi was married for most of his life having wives.

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Edison Schools

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Edison Schools

The birth of the Edison School is one of the results of the influence that the business community has had in the education system during the last 0 years. Founded in 1 as The Edison Project, Edison schools is the countrys leading private manager of public schools? It is anything else than a form a cooperative o major organization for charter schools.

What The Edison Schools project says?

The philosophical groundings of the Edison schools are based in a two axis extended research of the experience of successful education all over the world and the practical use of its result in creating an innovative school.

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The Primary Research was accomplished by sending the staff around the world to visit exemplary schools. The also came in contact with the latest technology systems and software programs, and they reviewed other financial management systems as well.

The Secondary research aimed to assemble the best scientific evidence of the effects of potential reform in every area of school design. This process led them to consider the work of renowned social scientists around the world.

As a result of those researches, they brought a wide range of cutting-edge perspectives on how to improve education through the reform of curriculum, school organization, and most other elements of education.

Furthermore, The Edison Schools have the so called "Ongoing Research", that is an extension of the two first researches and aims to keep educators up to date on effective practices, innovative curricula, and whatever information is necessary for them to do the best possible job for their students.

Ten fundamental behind Edison Schools Design

· Schools are organized for Every Students Success. Each Edison school consists of smaller groups, called academies." A team of teachers stays with the same house of students for the duration of their academy experience. This organization ensures that students are better known and more closely attended to by adults

· A better use of time, translated into a longer school day and a 10% longer school year than public schools.

· A rich and challenging curriculum. Basically the same than public schools.

· Teaching methods that motivate. Since students learn in different ways, the school implements four instructional methods (a) project-based learning, (b) direct instruction, (c) cooperative learning and (d) differentiated instruction.

· Assessments that provide accountability. Custom performance assessments to measure student progress.

· A professional environment for teachers. They are organized into teams, have more access to technology, are better paid and have two periods every year for professional development.

· Technology for an information age. It is the target of the Edison schools that every student, teacher and principal has access to classroom computers and other technologies and that every family receives technology for use in the home.

· A partnership with families The Edison schools encourages volunteerism among parents; try to bring parents to the school on a regular basis for conferencing and to appreciate their children's success.

· Schools tailored to the community. They try to adapt the academic programs to the community's needs

· The advantages of system and scale. The Edison schools are connected through a network and cooperate as a part of a nationwide system of partnerships schools.

What to consider?

From the lecture of the documentation that the Edison Schools Project has given out to the public, everything seems perfect. For the administrators of the Education System, the parents and even the students, it looks like a dream. But what this dream has that makes it so different than public schools?

The aim of the Edison schools does not differ from the goals of the public schools system. Every single principle or research is just a copy of what our educators have being trying to achieve, with the difference that the combination of bureaucracy and lack of resources has limited them from accomplishing their goals.

Several educational institutions around the country struggle to form teachers of the best quality, including in their programs the best compilation of the theory and practice of the experience of teaching all around the world. The Department of Education both at Federal and State level as well as professional organizations invest a share of their resources to continually improve the quality of education and keep a pace to meet the requirements of our technological era.

Now, how can The Edison project make such a fuss of its philosophical groundings? Even when the intentions of the project are so ideal, we must await for the results in order to evaluate the effectiveness of their work. Until now they still receive support from the official institutions nationwide, since their program is considered as a promising alternative.

Some voices have been raised against the project. The California based organization Teachers for Change, reported in 001 about two Edison School in Texas which drift cost was higher than the non-privatized schools. Likewise they informed how the students of San Francisco's Edison Schools were outperformed even by pupils from economically disadvantaged areas.

Another study conducted by the Western Michigan University shows that Edison has been no more successful at boosting student achievement than the districts that hired it. The study states that it can be the consequence of certain limitations as the youth of the charter initiative, not having enough time to demonstrate their ability to improve student achievement. At the same time it says that, in most cases, no data is available from the schools in order to measure their results.

In September last year, Parents Advocating School Accountability reported to the Assessment Reform Networks discussion list, that San Francisco's Edison Charter Academy had exaggerated the results of standardized tests, in 16 categories from to percentile points.

Two years earlier, in San Francisco also, was reported by The San Francisco Bay New's Guardian about a group of disgruntled teacher that threatened to quit the Edison Charter Academy, due to the extremely long workday and year.

Compilation data and official reports are missing about the expected achievements of the Edison Schools. The organization is still young and we need time to se either the success or the fiasco reflected in serious and reliable sources such as the Department of Education.

The philosophical groundings of the Edison schools create great expectations, and if they can accomplish them in the way they pretend we must applaud their initiative, due to the must important issue in teaching the proper and high quality education of our children.

Cooper, Ryan, Those who can, teaches. Houghton Mifflin Company

http//www.edisonschools.com, the official site for the Edison Schools Association

http//www.ed.gov U.S Department of Education

http//www.teachers4change.org Teachers for change, a broad-based coalition founded to create change in California's educational system. Press release at http//www.teachers4change.org/Articles/0-0-01_PASA_Press_Release.htm.

http//www.nclb.gov/ The official site for the "No Child Left Behind" program

http//www.wmich.edu Western Michigan University. Resource Autonomy in exchange for accountability An Initial Study of Pennsylvania Charter Schools http//www.wmich.edu/evalctr/edison/edison_eval_exec_summ.htm

http//www.firn.edu/doe/schoolgrades/ Florida Department of Education. Schools Grades.

http//www.interversity.org/lists/arn-l/ Assessment Reform Networks discussion list is sponsored by FairTest, The National Center for Fair and Open Testing

http//pasaorg.tripod.com/ Parents Advocating School Accountability

http//www.sfbg.com/ The San Francisco Bay New's Guardian on the Internet

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Total Quality Management: A New Sheriff in Town

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Businesses of a half-decade ago laughed at the pioneers of a total quality management system. The basic idea of a total quality management system is to improve performance at all levels and all aspects of a business to maintain competitiveness in the market and gain customer satisfaction. There are many facets encompassed in a total quality management model, which is probably why the pioneers were ridiculed. But over time the total quality concept has emerged and proved it is what businesses of today need. Like a new sheriff in a small town, TQM redefined what quality means, how to achieve it, and how to measure it.

Traditional methods were needed and worked effectively in an era where employees took orders and manufacturing and production were the driving force of a business. With globalization and e-business on the frontier needs have changed, thus the need for total quality management to be implemented in all businesses of the new era.

Impact of Globalization

As companies venture beyond domestic borders and into the international arena total quality is a key to their success. The concept of globalization is to offer quality products at a competitive price to foreign customers. Without a quality product a company would not be competitive in foreign markets. Since customer satisfaction is a key element to the TQM model, it is important to understand what quality means to the various cultures of the global arena.

Since most companies today understand the importance of total quality many companies have set out to get a quality certification such as an ISO 000 certification. The importance of a quality certification is that it makes a company more competitive in the market they are involved in. One day a certification such as ISO 000 will become a minimum requirement for a business because as technology advances the need for flawless products will increase. Additionally, quality certifications will prove to customers that they are getting quality products.

Traditional vs. Quality

As discussed, the total quality concept focuses on increased customer satisfaction by continuing to improve the performance of all aspects of a company. A half century ago management laughed at this ideal focusing on only improving quality in key areas of the manufacturing process. Traditional style believed that quality could be increased if performance of research and development or production could be improved. When presented with the concept of total quality, the pioneers were ridiculed for their ideals. The concept of empowering employees and satisfying the customer were not top priorities in the traditional era.

One important element that is encompassed in the total quality concept is the six-sigma theory. Over the last half-decade increased volume and complexity of manufacturing has lead to the TQM model to be adopted by organizations. "Traditional…measured process performance in defective parts per hundred produced…with total quality the same measurement is thought of in parts per million" (Univ. of Phoenix, p. 0). In the latter 70's management saw the need for total quality over the traditional method. Today TQM is a large part of an organizations success and is extended beyond the production or manufacturing aspect of a company. In large corporations all departments have adopted the ideals of total quality to improve performance of all levels.

Conclusion

The total quality concept is important for businesses to be successful in the future. Over time continued pressure on quality products will force businesses to adopt certifications proving they are adhering to the total quality concept. This will ultimately be a good thing for businesses because it will divide the successful from the unsuccessful. The reference to the TQM concept being compared to a new sheriff is even in the old west there was a time for change. The new sheriff would normally try to improve the quality of the town to make its' residents safe and attract visitors by eliminating those that did not contribute to the town in a positive fashion. The same holds true for the total quality concept; improved quality will yield a better product and productivity of the employees will be enhanced at all levels in all departments.

References

University of Phoenix (Ed.). (00). Quality management and productivity [University of

Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Custom

Publishing.

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