Henry Ford - Genius

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Henry Ford ~ Genius

Henry Ford changed the world with his inventive genius. He put the industrial revolution in high gear. He was a family man, industrialist, inventor, and politician.

Henry Ford was born on a farm near Greenfield, Michigan, on July 0, 186. Henry was the eldest of six children born to William and Mary Ford. In 1840, the Fords migrated to the United States from Ireland during the potato famine. Henry had a limited education, disliked farming, but was handy with his parents' farm machinery. He attended school in a one-room schoolhouse. In 1888, he married Clara Jane Bryant. In the early years, Ford supported his family by running a sawmill. Henry had one son, Edsel Ford, born November 6, 18. Edsel was president of Ford Motor Company from 11 until his death in 14. At that time Henry, age 80, took over the company again as president. In 145, Edsel Ford's eldest son, Henry Ford II, took over as president of the Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford, the father of the automobile, died in Dearborn, Michigan, April 7, 147. He was 8 years old.

At age 16, Henry Ford walked from his family farm eight miles to Detroit and got a job at Detroit Edison as a machinist's apprentice. The discipline he learned as an apprentice directed his amazing life. Within a few years, he advanced to chief engineer of Detroit Edison Company. In 18, Ford built his first gasoline engine and later in 186 his first automobile, called the Quadricycle Runabout. It had a 4 horsepower engine and could accelerate to 0mph. He sold the Quadricycle Runabout for $00 to finance his second car, which was completed in 188. In 18, Ford left Detroit Edison to help run Detroit Automobile Company. Cars at this company were built one at a time. Ford studied other company ideas, such as Eli Whitney's, who made guns with standardized parts, and George Eastman's assembly line photo processing. Ford brought these ideas to his partners at Detroit Automobile Company and was labeled as "nutty." Ford quit Detroit Automobile Company and began to build racing cars. His racing cars were good enough to attract financial backers and partners. In 10, he set up Ford Motor Company with himself as vice-president and chief engineer. This was after two unsuccessful attempts to establish his company. The infant company produced only a few cars a day at the Ford factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit. Groups of two or three men worked on each car from components made to order by other companies. The company produced over 1,700 cars the first year. It took an additional five years to convince his partners that mass production was the answer to providing cars for the average worker. The model T was introduced in 108, but it was not until 11 that Ford adapted the first moving assembly line. With the advent of the assembly line, Ford Motor had a monthly labor turnover rate of 40 to 60 percent because of the monotony of assembly line work and increased demands of production quotas. In 114, Ford announced a plan for profit sharing and $5.00 a day minimum wage for his workers--double the going wage. This ensured the best and most loyal workers in the business. By giving his workers a real living wage and mass-producing the Model T, almost any man could own a car. During the Model T era, Ford bought out his partners and shareholders and became sole owner of Ford Motor Company. By 118, half of all cars in America were Model Ts. By 17, 15 million model T's had been sold, which was half of the world's output. During World War I and World War II, Ford converted his plants to war production. The company began construction of the worlds largest industrial complex along the banks of the Rouge River in Dearborn, Michigan, during the late 110's and early 10's. The massive Rouge Plant included all the elements needed for automobile production a steel mill, glass factory, and automobile assembly line. Iron ore and coal were brought in on Great Lakes steamers and by railroad and were used to produce both iron and steel. Rolling mills, forges, and assembly shops transformed the steel into springs, axles, and car bodies. Foundries converted iron into engine blocks and cylinder heads that were assembled with other components into engines. By 17, all steps in the manufacturing process, from refining raw materials to final assembly of the automobile, took place at the vast Rouge Plant, characterizing Henry Fords idea of mass production.

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Henry Ford not only perfected the standardized interchangeable parts and assembly line techniques for auto manufacturing, he also invented the dealer-franchise system to sell and service cars. He knew that in order to sell millions of cars he had to have a local distribution system. By 11, there were 7,000 Ford dealers across the country. Ford also knew that his cars needed to be fueled, so he pushed for gas stations everywhere. Henry Ford also campaigned for better roads, which eventually led to interstate-highways that are still the envy of the world. He was chiefly responsible for the consequent expansion of American industry and the raising of the American standard of living.

Henry Ford was also interested in politics and as a powerful business leader asserted some influence on the political scene. After World War I ended, Ford ran for the Senate as a Democrat. He lost, but he remained vocal in politics. He violently opposed unions and fought against the United Auto Workers, which were trying to unionize his plants. Ford was also critical of Jews, and during World War II he gained a reputation as an anti-Semite. Fords personal opinions were sometimes controversial, especially his attacks on the Jewish community and pre-war support of Adolph Hitler. After Fords death, much of his fortune was used to create the philanthropic Ford Foundation.

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