Andy Warhol

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I. The Artist

A. Name of the artist Andy Warhol

1. Birth date

Andy Warhol was born Andrew Warhola on August 6th 18.

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. Place (be specific- city, country, home?, etc.) (10 points)

Most people believe Andy Warhol was actually born in Forest City, Pennsylvania, but Warhol's true birthplace is unknown. Warhol used to change the location of his birthplace in just about every interview he did. Some days Warhol would say he was born in McKeesport, a community of immigrant workers south of Pittsburgh, other days Warhol would say he was born in Philadelphia, and on occasion he would even say Hawaii.

. Who was in power in their country at their birth/ during their life? How did the political and or social structure affect the life of this artist? (0 points)

Andy Warhol grew up in twentieth century America. Warhol was influenced by the great depression, World War II, The Korean and Vietnam conflicts, and the social and sexual revolution of the sixties and seventies. Warhol was born in 18, when president Coolidge was in power. Warhol also lived through Presidents Hoover, Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, and Regan. This America would later affect his work driving ambition, greed, power, corruption, violence, sex, chaos, madness, and death- all the themes that would later inspire Warhol's work.

4. When and where did this artist die? Explain the circumstances leading up to their death. (0 points)

Andy Warhol died at 61 a.m. on Sunday, February , 187. He died at New York Hospital due to complications of a routine gallbladder surgery.

Shortly before his death Warhol felt a tremendous amount of pain in his stomach area, and had his doctor check it out. Warhol's doctor told him he should have surgery right away, because his gallstones were far too large. Warhol did not take his doctors advice because of his severe fear of hospitals. Warhol instead became more hermit-like, staying indoors more, rather then partying. Warhol also tried to hide his sickness away from his friends. When one of his friends, Victor Hugo, called to complain about a three week cold, Warhol was there to be sympathetic. Warhol never let on to being ill.

Warhol visited his doctor again, because the pain was beginning to be too much. His doctor told him he really needed to go into surgery right away. Despite his fear of hospitals, Warhol decided to get the surgery and made arrangements at New York Hospital. Warhol was scheduled to have the surgery on Saturday and be out by Sunday. Warhol made sure that no one but his closest aides knew. When Warhol entered the hospital he told all of his doctors that he wasn't going to leave the hospital, they assured Warhol that he'd be fine and nothing was going to happen to him. After fifteen hours of preparation Warhol's surgery was performed between 845a.m. and 110p.m. on Saturday February 1, 187. There were no complications at the time, and none were found later during the autopsy.

At 545a.m. Ms. Chou, the private nurse selected to watch Warhol, noticed that Warhol had turned blue and that his pulse had weakened. Unable to wake him she summoned the floor nurse who, in the words of Ms. Chou, "almost had a stroke." A cardiac arrest team began resuscitation efforts, but had difficulty putting a tube in Warhol's windpipe, because rigor mortis had started to set in. At 61am the artist was pronounced dead.

B. Family life and childhood

1. Describe his/her childhood including siblings, significant and/or interesting things about the family life of this artist. (0 points)

Andy Warhol grew up in the steel and coal capitol of America Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Andy lived with his mother Julia Warhola, his father Andrei Warhola, and his two brothers John and Paul Warhola. Warhol was the youngest of the three.

Warhol's father worked with the Eichleay Corporation, a company that did construction work. His Father did not drink or gamble and even managed to put away some money in order to move them into a bigger house, but a year later Warhol's father lost his job and their family had to move into a small two-room apartment that rented for six dollars a week. Andrei was reduced to taking odd jobs and Julia helped by doing some part time cleaning, and by selling potted plants in tin cans (later, Warhol claimed this is the reason he first started to paint soup cans). In their new home the Warhola's only had two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a bathroom. All the boys had to sleep in one bed. Their father kept order, if the boys started to act rowdy, Andrei would just look at them and they would stop what they were doing. Andrei was particularly strict on the subject of religion. Every Sunday he would take his family to mass, which lasted an hour and a half, and then he would insist that Sunday be a day of absolute rest (Warhol returned to prayer for support throughout his adult life).

Andrei soon got his job back at the Eichleay Corporation, which kept him away from his family for long periods of time, and they moved into a bigger house in a nicer neighborhood. There Warhol met his first best friend, a girl, by the name of Margie Girman. Andy would spend every afternoon with Margie, and even began to idolize her. Margie inspired him to do well in school. If Margie was going to study hard for a test, Warhol was too. Warhol always got along better with girls then boys. (It would be this way throughout his entire life).

When Warhol was eight he contracted a disease that affected his development, Chorea, better known as St. Vitus dance. Warhol became increasingly disoriented, easily provoked to tears, and found simple tasks like tying his shoes and writing his name, difficult to coordinate. At first no one noticed these symptoms, but then they worsened. Warhol began to slur his speech; touch things nervously with shaking hands, fumble, and found it hard to sit still. Julia called the doctor, who diagnosed him with a mild case of St. Vitus dance, and ordered Warhol to stay in bed for a month.

While Warhol was sick in bed his mother watched over him closely. Julia's first child, a baby girl, Justina had died before Paul (the oldest) was born; she didn't want to lose another child to illness. Julia made sure that Andy had plenty of comic books, coloring books, and paper dolls to keep him entertained. When Warhol got well enough to hold scissors, without shaking, he would cut out pictures from his comic books and his coloring books and make collages. When the month had past Warhol's family decided to send him back to school. Warhol refused, hanging onto his mothers skirt and crying. When the Warholas neighbor overheard the commotion he grabbed Warhol by the shoulders, thinking he was just throwing a tantrum, and said, "You're going to school boy!" Then proceeded to drag Warhol towards the door. The neighbor thought he was helping, but he only succeeded in sending Warhol into a relapse, causing Warhol to spasm. Julia called the doctor again; who this time said that it's not uncommon for children with St. Vitals dance to relapse. Again Warhol had to stay in bed for a month, which was fine for Warhol because that's where he wanted to be anyway.

When Warhol was 14 years old his father passed away. It was the only funeral Warhol had ever attended.

The next year Warhol's mother Julia was diagnosed with colon cancer. She agreed to undergo a colostomy, an experimental operation at the time. They replaced his mothers bowel system with a bag next to her stomach. Warhol was worried she would come out alive; the surgery only had a fifty-fifty chance. The whole ordeal was traumatic for Warhol. Her experience bred in him a fear of hospitals and surgery that may have caused for Warhol's own premature death.

. What/Who inspired the artist? How did they become an artist? (Was it a family member or friend, another artist, a philosophy, Etc.???) (10 points)

Andy Warhol was inspired by his mother. Julia enjoyed drawing for fun, and she and Warhol would often draw together. She enjoyed drawing cats sitting on hats, or funny little things like that. Warhol would draw Mickey Mouse characters. Andy Warhol was always an artist. He carried a sketchbook with him and was always drawing even when he was a little kid. Warhol just always loved to draw and loved art.

. How did the artist learn their craft? (Training, tutors, etc.) (5 points).

Andy Warhol learned his craft by drawing what he saw. Of course he did have some instruction.

In elementary school Andy Warhol's art teacher was a Ms. Annie Vickerman. Annie had recommended Andy for a Saturday morning art class at the Carnegie Museum taught by, Joseph Fitzpatrick, an innovative instructor. There, Fitzpatrick taught them to draw with authority. Teaching them the fundamentals of drawing and painting, and how to control and play upon the basic forms.

During Warhol's senior year at high school he was accepted to two different colleges, the University of Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Institute of Technology. Warhol chose the latter because it had a stronger art department, but even with Warhol's great artistic talent; the school was difficult for him. Warhol was held back academically by the immigrant accent and vocabulary he developed from his parents, and from his ethnic ghetto. Warhol wasn't doing so well in his artistic classes either. Warhol had trouble with his older more "old fashioned" teachers who didn't understand the creativity of things like leaving the cat prints from the family cat, on his work.

During the economic recession that followed the war jobs were scarce, so many soldiers took advantage of the opportunity of going to college on the G.I. Bill. Since the art department could only hold 100 students and because of Warhol's poor grades he was one of the 4 students kicked out in order to make room for the veterans. A few teachers who had recognized Warhol's artistic talent put up a fight for him to stay, but he was still kicked out. However, they offered him an opportunity to go to summer school and produce work, in order to be considered for readmissions in the fall. Andy did so and was accepted back. He graduated four years later.

4. To what special school, movement, or period did this artist belong? (i.e. Renaissance, post-modern, etc.) Explain in detail the focus of this period, how it evolved, and other artists who were also a part of it. (10 points)

Andy Warhol belonged to the Pop Art movement. Pop Art is a style of art that explores everyday imagery that is part of contemporary consumer culture. Common sources include advertisements, consumer product packaging, celebrities, and comic strips. Pop Art emerged in the mid 150s in England, but realized its fullest potential in New York in the 160s where it shared, with Minimalism, the attentions of the art world.

In Pop Art, the epic iss replaced with the everyday and the mass-produced are awarded the same significance as the unique. The media and advertising are favorite subjects for Pop Arts often witty celebrations of consumer society.

The term ``Pop Art was first used by the English critic Lawrence Alloway in a 158 issue of Architectural Digest to describe those paintings that celebrate post-war consumerism, defy the psychology of Abstract Expressionism, and worship the god of materialism.

Other artists who are part of the Pop Art movement are

5. What other art mediums did this artist use? (sculpture, pencil, clay, etc.) List some examples of these works. (10 points)

Mediums that Andy Warhol used were acrylic paint and silkscreen on canvas (Self Portrait 166), synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen on canvas ( Self Portrait 186, Heaven and Hell, 184-86, Cross 18, Be a Something With a Body 184-86, Gun 181-8, Guns 181-8, Skull 176, Still Life Hammer and Sickle 176-77, Jackie 164, and Tunafish Disaster 16), screenprints on paper ( Dollar Signs 18, Ladies and Gentlemen 175, and Campbell's Soup Can 168), screenprints and diamond dust on paper (Myths 181), screenprint on arches 88 paper (After the Party 17), silkscreen on paper (Cow Wallpaper 166), synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen on wood (Hienz Boxes 164), silkscreen and gold paint on primed canvas (Gold Marilyn 16), synthetic polymer paint on canvas (Dance Diagram 16, Campbell's Soup Can 16 ), Ink and wash on paper (The Nations Nightmare 150's), ink and dye on paper (Flower and a Women 150's, Ice Cream Dessert 150's), ballpoint pen on paper (Reclining male nude 150's, Feet 150's), pencil on paper (Street Signs 150's), ink on paper (Crowd with Communist Flag 150's).

6. How did being an artist affect his/her life? (Tell about this artist's life from about age twenty until their death.) Was this artist sucessful in their field? What about their personal life? Explain in detail. (0 points)

When Andy Warhol was 1 years old he moved to New York. He found steady work there as a commercial artist. Warhol worked as an illustrator for several magazines including Vogue, Harpers Bazaar and The New Yorker and did advertising and window displays for retail stores such as Bonwit Teller and I. Miller. Prophetically, his first assignment was for Glamour magazine for an article titled Success is a Job in New York.

Throughout the 150s, Warhol enjoyed a successful career as a commercial artist, winning several commendations from the Art Directors Club and the American Institute of Graphic Arts. In these early years, he shortened his name to Warhol. Dropping the very ethnic "a" at the end. In 15, the artist had his first individual show at the Hugo Gallery, exhibiting Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote. Warhol's work was exhibited in several other venues during the 150s, including his first group show at The Museum of Modern Art in 156.

The 160s was an extremely prolific decade for Warhol. Appropriating images from popular culture, Warhol created many paintings that remain icons of 0th-century art, such as the Campbells Soup Cans, Disasters and, Marilyn's. In addition to painting, Warhol made several 16mm films, which have become underground classics such as Chelsea Girls, Empire, and Blow Job. In 168, Valerie Solanis, founder and sole member of SCUM (Society for Cutting Up Men) walked into Warhols studio, known as the Factory, and shot the artist. The attack was nearly fatal.

At the start of the 170s, Warhol began publishing Interview magazine and renewed his focus on painting. Works created in this decade include Mao's, Skulls, Hammer and Sickles, Torsos and Shadows, and many commissioned portraits. Warhol also published The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (from A to B and Back Again). Firmly established as a major 0th-century artist and international celebrity, Warhol exhibited his work extensively in museums and galleries around the world.

The artist began the 180s with the publication of POPism The Warhol 60s and with exhibitions of Portraits of Jews of the Twentieth Century and the Retrospectives and Reversal series. He also created two cable television shows, Andy Warhols TV in 18 and Andy Warhols Fifteen Minutes for MTV in 186. His paintings from the 180s include The Last Suppers, Rorschach's and, in a return to his first great theme of Pop, a series called Ads. Warhol also engaged in a series of collaborations with younger artists, including Jean-Michel Basquiat, Francesco Clemente, and Keith Haring.

Following routine gall bladder surgery, Andy Warhol died February , 187. After his burial in Pittsburgh, his friends and associates organized a memorial mass at St. Patricks Cathedral in New York that was attended by more than ,000 people.

7. During the artist's life, how was their work viewed and valued? After this artist's death, how was their work valued? How is it valued today?

During Andy Warhol's life his work was viewed as genius and as an inspiration. Today his work is viewed the same. Warhol is viewed as the prince of Pop Art, and is hailed as one of the best artists of the twentieth century.

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