Friday, February 14, 2020

Pride and prejudice

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Pride and prejudice 1


First published in 181, Pride and Prejudice has consistently been Jane Austens most popular novel. It portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and tells of the initial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth Bennet (whose liveliness and quick wit have often attracted readers) and the haughty Darcy. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the ways in which Elizabeth and Darcy first view each other. The original version of the novel was written in 176-177 under the title First Impressions, and was probably in the form of an exchange of letters.


· The Bennets


o Mr. BENNET, of Longbourn-house in Hertfordshire; the estate was about £,000 a year, and £5,000 was settled on his wife and children.


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§ First description.


§ Second (longer) description of Mr. Bennet -- his relations with his wife.


§ Mrs. Bennet He is always giving Elizabeth the preference.


§ Entail, Mr. Bennets finances


§ An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth...


§ He so little likes Elizabeths going from home for a stay, that he told her to write to him, and almost promised to answer her letter.


§ He hates London.


§ Elizabeth though he has some peculiarities, he also has abilities which Mr. Darcy himself need not disdain, and respectability which [Darcy] will probably never reach.


§ Wrote to Elizabeth in Kent, to hurry her return.


§ Elizabeth He laughs at Kitty and Lydias behaviour, rather than restraining them.


§ I am glad you are come back, Lizzy.


§ What, has [Lydia] frightened away some of your lovers?


§ Elizabeth, despite being her fathers favorite child, is aware of some of his faults as the head of his family.


§


§ Finances.


o He married ---- Gardiner (Mrs. Bennet), daughter of a Meryton attorney, £4,000. (From the fact that she has been married years, it can be deduced that she was almost certainly in her forties -- the prime marrying years for women were between ages 17 and 7.)


§ Description.


§ Elizabeth the least dear to her of all her children.


§ Those who do not complain are never pitied.


§ And I am very glad to hear what you tell us of long sleeves.


§ Elizabeth after Darcys letter Mrs. Bennet supports Kitty and Lydia in their giddiness.


§


o Their children


o Jane, . (Jane is often referred to simply as Miss Bennet, according to the convention that the first name of the eldest unmarried daughter in a family is omitted after Miss; Elizabeth is sometimes addressed as Miss Bennet by the other characters, but the narrator never refers to her in that way.)


§ ElizabethYou never see a fault in anybody.


§ Considered the prettiest of the five Bennet daughters Darcy, Elizabeth, Bingley (to Darcy), Bingley (overheard), Mr. Collins, and Mrs. Bennet 1st nd.


(According to one of Jane Austens letters, of May 4th 181, Green was a favorite colour with her.)


§ Though Jane would have defended either or both, had they appeared to be wrong, she cant explain Darcy and Wickhams antagonism.


§ She tries to clear both Darcy and Wickham.


§ She prefers to believe Caroline Bingley to be incapable of wilfully deceiving any one.


§ Elizabeth My dear Jane! you are too good.


§ Elizabeth You shall not defend her, though it is Charlotte Lucas. You shall not, for the sake of one individual, change the meaning of principle and integrity...


§ Jane has no idea of there being so much design [scheming] in the world as some persons imagine.


§ Let me take it in the best light; i.e. Jane prefers to believe that she has been mistaken in supposing Bingleys affection for her, rather than that his sisters would designedly try to separate him from her, and he would be so easily swayed.


§ She is the only one who could suppose extenuating circumstances for Darcy with respect to Wickhams accusations.


§ She finally confesses herself to have been entirely deceived by Caroline Bingley, but pities her because she must feel she has been acting wrong.


§ I cannot understand it. If I were not afraid of judging harshly, I should be almost tempted to say that there is a strong appearance of duplicity in all this.


§ Jane subject to periods of dejection; not in spirits, showing a want of cheerfulness unlike her usual serenity.


§ Elizabeth thinks her fully worthy of Bingley, and that in opposing a Jane-Bingley match, Darcy can have no legitimate objections to Jane herself.


§ What a stroke was this for poor Jane! who would willingly have gone through the world without believing that so much wickedness existed in the whole race of mankind, as was here collected in one individual.


§ Bingley was Janes first love; she is unable to easily get over him.


§ Janes steady sense and sweetness of temper exactly adapted her for attending to [children] in every way -- teaching them, playing with them, and loving them.


§ She is willing to hope the best when she hears of Lydias elopement with Wickham.


§ After hearing that Wickham and Lydia are probably not on their way to Gretna Green No one can throw any blame on Col. and Mrs. Forster; My father and mother believe the worst, but I cannot think so ill of Wickham; I know not what to think.


§ Tis too much! by far too much. I do not deserve it. Oh! why is not every body as happy?


Illustration JPEG


o Elizabeth, 0. Her family calls her Lizzy, her friends and neighbours call her Eliza, and the narrator usually calls her Elizabeth (never Miss Bennet).


§ Soon after the publication of Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen wrote about Elizabeth Bennet, I must confess that I think her as delightful a character as ever appeared in print, and how I shall be able to tolerate those who do not like her at least, I do not know.


§ Description She has a lively playful disposition.


§ Her father thinks her quickest.


§ Mrs. Bennet Elizabeth is not a bit better than the others; she is not half so handsome as Jane, nor half so good humoured as Lydia.


§ Just as all we know about Darcys physical appearance is that he is tall and handsome, there is little description of Elizabeth only that she is pretty and has dark eyes. Rather, other characters reveal themselves through praising or disparaging Elizabeths looks. She is generally considered the second-prettiest of the five Bennet sisters; Darcys famous snub; Reasons why Darcy starts to find her attractive; Darcy the very great pleasure which a pair of fine eyes in the face of a pretty woman can bestow; Caroline Bingley maintains she has no beauty 1st. See also opinions on Elizabeths looks later in the novel.


§ She doesnt ride horses (as Jane does), but is lighter, and more in the habit of running than Jane. (Thus Darcy considers Elizabeths figure to be light and pleasing.)


§ Elizabeth on Darcy He has a very satirical eye, and if I do not begin by being impertinent myself, I shall soon grow afraid of him.


§ Caroline Bingley and Mrs. Hurst abuse her for having pride and impertinence, and for getting muddy walking two miles to visit her sick sister.


§ Her manner makes it difficult for her to affront Darcy.


§ Caroline Bingley considers her to possess conceit and impertinence.


§ She loves to laugh at follies, etc.; loves absurdities.


§ To Elizabeth it appeared, that had her family made an agreement to expose themselves as much as they could during the evening, it would have been impossible for them to play their parts with more spirit, or finer success.


§ Mr. Collins Her wit and vivacity will be acceptable to Lady Catherine when tempered with silence and respect.


§ I do assure you that I am not one of those young ladies (if such young ladies there are) who are so daring as to risk their happiness on the chance of being asked a second time. (Here the author is getting in a little joke on her character.)


§ Do not consider me now as an elegant female, but as a rational creature speaking the truth from her heart.


§ Mrs. Gardiner Elizabeth would have laughed herself out of being disappointed in love sooner than Jane.


§ Elizabeths courage does not fail her, on being about to meet Lady Catherine.


§ She catches the fancy of Colonel Fitzwilliam.


§ You mean to frighten me, Mr. Darcy...


Illustration JPEG


§ Darcy Elizabeth finds great enjoyment in occasionally professing opinions which in fact are not her own.


§ Since Colonel Fitzwilliam had made it clear that he had no intentions at all, Elizabeth does not mean to be unhappy about him, agreeable as he was


§ Though flattered at Darcys proposal, she never intends to accept him, and becomes angry when he tells her how degrading he feels it would be to be connected to her family.


§ Darcys letter He tells her obliquely that he suspects she has refused him because she is in love with Wickham.


§ Elizabeth ashamed of her misjudgements of Darcy and Wickham. Till this moment, I never knew myself.


§ Elizabeth regrets her unjust accusations of Darcy, but still resents his manner of proposing, and doesnt regret having turned him down.


§ She is almost inclined to excuse Darcys having separated Bingley and Jane when she sees Lydia and Kittys behaviour on the impending departure of the militia regiment.


§ Darcys housekeepers praise of him throws an unexpected light on his character, and Elizabeth softens a little in her feelings toward him. See also topics list.


§ She is doubtful at first as to Darcys feelings when witnessing his altered and improved behaviour at Pemberley; Without looking farther, ... it was gratifying to know that his resentment had not made him think really ill of her; For to love, ardent love, it must be attributed.


§ At Lambton Elizabeth tries to resolve her feelings towards Darcy. She thinks he would propose to her again if she encourages him.


§ As she becomes convinced that Darcy has given up all thoughts of her (after learning of Lydias disgrace), never had she so honestly felt that she could have loved him, as now, when all love must be vain.


§ Opinions on Elizabeths looks later in the novel Colonel Fitzwilliam finds her pretty; The jealous Caroline Bingley maintains she has no beauty nd; and unwisely reminds Darcy of the similar opinion he held on first meeting Elizabeth. Darcy one of the handsomest women of my acquaintance; (later) loveliest Elizabeth. Elizabeth to Darcy My beauty you had early withstood.


o Mary.


§ Description The only plain one in the family.


§ Exposes herself in front of Darcy by over-rating her musical accomplishments, to the disconcertment of Elizabeth.


§ Might have been prevailed upon to marry Mr. Collins.


§ Characteristic effusions 1st, nd, rd, 4th.


§ Jane Austen revealed to her family, according to the biographical Memoir, that Mary `obtained nothing higher than one of her uncle Philipss clerks in marriage, after the period described in the novel.


o Catherine (Kitty), two years older than Lydia. Description. Was `satisfactorily married to a clergyman near Pemberley according to the Memoir.


o Lydia, 15-16.


§ Description; Though I am the youngest, Im the tallest.


§ Elizabeth after Darcys letter Lydia supported by her mother in her frivolous behaviour.


§ Lydia to Jane Lord, how ashamed I should be of not being married before three and twenty!


§ Lydia and Kittys misery extreme as the militia regiment is about to leave Meryton.


§ Lydias restless ecstacy on being invited by the Forsters to Brighton.


§ Elizabeth to Mr. Bennet Lydia in danger of becoming a flirt in the worst and meanest degree of flirtation... -- Vain, ignorant, idle, and absolutely uncontrolled!.


§ Mr. Bennet to Elizabeth Lydia will be humbled by being a small fish in a big pond at Brighton.


§ Lydia imagines her visit to Brighton as comprising every possibility of earthly happiness.


§ Her behavior on her return to Longbourn after her wedding. Illustration JPEG


· The Bingleys


o Charles BINGLEY, , £100,000; it is implied that he lived in London.


§ First impressions.


§ His behaviour at the Meryton assembly reveals his personality.


§ Estate.


§ His friendship with Darcy; contrast between Darcys personality and his own.


§ Darcy discusses his personality.


§ Elizabeth thinks that his easiness of temper and want of proper resolution make Bingley the slave of his designing friends against his own interests. He is in the custody of his friend [Darcy].


§ Jane he is the most amiable man of my acquaintance.


§ Elizabeth thinks his want of resolution is an error which has produced misery.


§ Elizabeth Bingley was violently in love with Jane.


§ His character sunk as far as Elizabeth is concerned.


§ Elizabeth Darcy takes care of him.


§ Darcys letter Darcy couldnt dissuade Bingley from Jane until he persuaded him that Jane had no interest in him.


§ Darcys letter Bingley has great natural modesty, with a stronger dependence on my judgment than on his own.


§ Elizabeth the contents of Darcys letter restore Bingley to all her former good opinion, and so heightened the sense of what Jane had lost.


o His sisters


o Louisa, £0,000, married Mr. Hurst, the elder of the two sisters;


o Caroline, £0,000.


§ Description.


§ She first exercises her wit upon Elizabeth to Darcy.


§ First confrontation with Darcy.


§ She taunts Darcy again.


§ At Pemberley Jealousy [of Elizabeth] had not yet made her desperate, and her attentions to Mr. Darcy were by no means over.


§ Her faux pas when trying to taunt Elizabeth about Wickham.


§ She vents her feelings in criticisms on Elizabeths person, behaviour, and dress to Georgiana.


§ Her second confrontation with Darcy.


· Captain Carter, of the ----shire Militia.


· Mr. Chamberlayne, of the ----shire Militia.


· The Rev. William COLLINS, Rector of Hunsford in Kent, cousin and heir to Mr. Bennet; 5; was at one of the Universities.


o First impressions.


o Description; Description by Elizabeth to Jane; Description by Elizabeth to Mrs. Gardiner.


o The infamous marriage proposal since he has more money than she does, he cant conceive of any grounds why she should refuse him, and so persistently disbelieves her refusal. See Marriage and Money in the topics list.


Illustration JPEG


o Advice to Elizabeth on dressing for her first visit to Rosings.


o Mr. Collins generally speaks in clich's (often inappropriate), and is often described by the narrator in the same terms


§ Narrator The fire and independence of his character.


§ XX


§ See also Fair in the topics list.


o Mr. Collinss letter to Mr. Bennet on the elopement of Lydia is a most amazing production -- its difficult to count the number of ways in which Mr. Collins manages to be offensive, apparently without being aware of it, in one medium-sized paragraph. (The novelist Trollope considered Mr. Collinss letters to be a comic masterpiece which would move laughter in a low-church archbishop.)


1. First off, it is not entirely clear that any letter at all from Mr. Collins is called for upon this occasion (cf. Elizabeth Assistance is impossible; condolence, insufferable -- let them triumph over us at a distance); however, a proper letter would begin something along the lines of Unfortunately, I could not help hearing about Lydia..., would probably be discreetly silent as to the exact source from which the letter-writer heard the news, and would scrupulously avoid any implication that the letter-writer himself has spread the scandal any further.


. Instead, Mr. Collins tells on the Lucases for spreading the news of the scandal to Hunsford.


. Then he tells on himself and Charlotte for scandalmongering to each other.


4. And he tells on himself for scandalmongering to the De Bourghs.


5. He then offers a little self-contradictory consolation


He offers to alleviate Mr. Bennets distress, whose cause, on the other hand, no time can remove.


6. He comforts Mr. Bennet by pointing out that The death of your daughter would have been a blessing in comparison of this.


7. He manages to blame both Lydia as intrinsically bad and the Bennet parents for being too indulgent (and in the process tells on Charlotte for blabbing the intimate details of the Bennet family).


§ (Thus in a later letter he oxymoronically tells Mr. Bennet that You ought certainly to forgive them as a Christian, but never to admit them in your sight, or allow their names to be mentioned in your hearing.)


8. He oh-so-delicately informs Mr. Bennet that Lady Catherine thinks that this will ruin the chances of his other daughters marrying, and rejoices that he didnt marry Elizabeth after all.


· Mr. DARCY the elder, of Pemberley in Derbyshire (died approximately five years before the novel begins), married Lady Anne Fitzwilliam (sister to Lady Catherine).


o Fitzwilliam Darcy, his son, of Pemberley (and a town house not named), 8, £10,000 a year. (Explanation of why his first name is Fitzwilliam.)


§ His description. It is mentioned that he is tall by Bingley, by Kitty, by Mrs. Bennet.


§ His behaviour at the Meryton assembly reveals his personality.


§ His famous snub of Elizabeth at the Meryton assembly. Illustration JPEG


§ Mrs. Bennet Darcy high and conceited.


§ His friendship with Bingley; contrast between his personality and Bingleys.


§ Admits Jane is pretty but thinks she smiles too much.


§ He begins to be attracted to Elizabeth. Illustration JPEG


§ Mrs. Bennet considers his manners less agreeable and genteel than Sir William Lucass.


§ He admits his faults of temper.


§ Elizabeth discovers his defect to be implacable resentment; a propensity to hate everybody


§ Lady Catherine intends Darcy to marry her daughter Anne 1st. nd.


§ Even Wickham admits Darcy has some good qualities....


§ ...in his behaviour to his social inferiors.


§ ...in his behaviour to his sister.


§ ...in his behaviour to his social equals. (Hmm... Maybe you should begin to see a pattern here, Elizabeth?)


§ The Netherfield Ball Elizabeth tells Darcy he is of an unsocial taciturn disposition.


§ The Netherfield Ball Elizabeth attempts to illustrate Darcys character


§ The Netherfield Ball Jane to Elizabeth Bingley will vouch for the good conduct, the probity and honour of Darcy.


§ Everybody in the Meryton neighbourhood is pleased to think how much they had always disliked Mr. Darcy before they had known any thing of Wickhams accusations against him; Darcy is condemned as the worst of men.


§ Elizabeth thinks that that abominable Mr. Darcys former bad treatment and impoverishment of Wickham is the main reason why she cannot consider marrying Wickham.


§ Elizabeth sees a resemblance between Darcy and his aunt, Lady Catherine.


§ Lady Catherine speaks of him in terms of the highest admiration.


§ He is a little ashamed of Lady Catherines ill breeding.


§ I am ill qualified to recommend myself to strangers; I have not the talent of conversing easily with those I have never seen before.


§ Elizabeth discerns no signs of any love by Darcy for Anne de Bourgh.


§ Charlotte suspects Darcy is in love with Elizabeth.


§ Darcy silent and dull; Charlotte doubts he is in love with Elizabeth.


§ Darcy several times encounters and walks with Elizabeth in Rosings Park.


§ Elizabeth thinks Darcy is hinting that Colonel Fitzwilliam will probably propose to her.


§ Elizabeth thinks that Darcy objected to the ungentlemanly occupations of her and Janes uncles, when he separated Jane and Bingley.


§ The infamous proposal -- He frankly confesses how his love for her has overcome his sense that a marriage to her would be degrading because of her inferior family.


§ He is surprised and angry at her rejection of his proposal.


§ Darcy refuses to disguise his mixed feelings with flattery even in making a marriage proposal.


§ Elizabeth tells him his present manner is ungentlemanlike, and that his manners have made a negative impression on her from the beginning of their acquaintance.


§ Darcys letter He is already making excuses for Elizabeths believing Wickham.


§ Elizabeth realizes that she doesnt objectively know much in Darcys disfavor except for his proud manner (leaving aside his separating Bingley and Jane).


§ Elizabeth thinks that if she had married Darcy, he wouldnt allow her to invite the Gardiners to Pemberley, because of Mr. Gardiners ungentlemanly occupation.


§ Darcys housekeepers praise of him surprises Elizabeth.


§ Encounter at Pemberley Elizabeth has never in her life she seen his manners so little dignified, and he has never spoken with such gentleness.


§ described by Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner; But to be sure, the good lady who shewed us the house did give him a most flaming character!.


§ Elizabeth is doubtful as to Darcys feelings when witnessing his altered and improved behaviour at Pemberley


§ The Darcys call at Lambton Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner have no doubt that Darcy does love her 1st. nd.


§ The Darcys call at Lambton His improvement in manners continues; Elizabeth still surprised.


§ The Gardiners become anxious to think well of him after they think he is interested in Elizabeth.


§ Elizabeth thinks that the news of Lydias disgrace destroys her power with Darcy.


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