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The rise of the National Socialist German Worker's Party amongst the German people in the period from 1 to 1 can be attributed to attitudes against the idea of a republic, the French occupation of parts of Germany, hyperinflation, Beer hall Putsch and Hitler's imprisonment and the 10 elections. All of which they used to be recognised in Germany, gain support and take advantage of.
The opposition to the republic came from not the only left but the right also they could never accept the idea of a republic and were also still angry about the defeat of Germany. Other groups shared their views including the civil service, judiciary, educational system and the church. They all wanted to restore the honour and power of the German nation. Many of these groups were made up of ex-freikorps members and a lot of the paramilitary groups were prepared to use violence against people involved in Germany's surrender and others they considered as enemies of Germany. This was one of the many weaknesses of the government that the Nazis exploited to come to power. They even used the freikorps as allies to help them into power and gain more people as support.
St the end of the year of the first payment the government realised that with the economy weakening they announce that they could not make the next payment. Also it was announced they were behind in their delivery of coal to France. Determined to make Germany meet its obligations France had their troops occupy the Ruhr, an important industrial area of Germany. They believed they had to do this to reassert their authority upon the Germans to force the Germans to accept their defeat. A wave of anti-french feeling spread throughout Germany, political parties against the French called for a policy of passive resistance in the Ruhr. All the workers in the Ruhr went on strike refusing to cooperate in any way. Forcing the French to deal with thousands of restless people and deal with the acts of sabotage from the right wing extremists. Actions like this showed the German people how the current government was barely capable of dealing with their demands and what was happening in the country. The French presence fueled peoples' anger towards the loss of the war, the demands Germany had to meet and the people that let it happen.
Germany was unable to recover economically at the end of the war; they had lost a lot of their industrial sources in the peace treaty. The government had become weak and vulnerable to pressure from the left and the right wing and was also not prepared to make the people of German people suffer because to do the things necessary to reform the economy. The Government decided to deal with the payments and other debts was to print more money and consequently the value of the German currency fell and continued to fall. The policy of passive resistance and closing down of the Ruhr did not help the economy instead making it worse. The government had promised to pay the wages of those protesting in the Ruhr and at the same time had to use its scare reserves to provide coal from overseas to industries that were dependent on coal from the Ruhr. The value in currency soon rapidly fell down causing prices to soar and eventually the mark became worthless. The collapse of the economy caused great suffering in the country, soon after losing control of the economy strikes swept the nation as workers protested about the rising of unemployment and wages being able to keep up wit the cost of living. In August the government fell and Gustav Stressman was called upon by President Ebert to form a new government. Where he passed the enabling act gibing the government special powers to deal with problems facing the country, he ended the passive resistance and he also stopped the printing of the mark and put the rentenmark into circulation. The stop to the passive resistance angered the German nationalists who saw it as a betrayal to the nations honour. This also applied to many other people who were still angry about the war this was another fault by the government that the Nazis used to gain votes and show the people how the government was not working towards their best interests.
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Furious about he ending of the passive resistance in the Ruhr the German government lost authority in Bavaria and the right wing of the government took over. The Kampfbund was a powerful element in the government. The Nazi movement was a part of this and Hitler was a prominent leader. In November 1 when it appeared the Bavarian government was giving in to the Stressman government. Hitler and members from the kampfbund decided to make their move and seize control of the government of Bavaria by force. They failed and were imprisoned and declared dissolved by Von Kahr. They were only sentenced for five years and only ended having to serve eight months. This was because the judicial system had never supported the republic and usually was lenient to right wing opponents of the republic. They made use of their experience and learnt from it and decided that to achieve power it had to be done legally. In addition, inside prison Hitler wrote a book 'Mein Kampf' about his early life, political ideas, views on race and Germany's future role in world affairs. Originally being unpopular it became a best seller when he came to power. He was able to make most of his income from the sales of the book.
In the 10 elections the Nazis took advantage of the time the election was held. They attacked the weaknesses and inefficiency of the parliamentary system, the treat of communism and the consequences of the depression on the people. The economic collapse triggered unemployment, severe hardship and political instability. They used the loss of confidence in the parliamentary system in the people to gain support. The resentment and frustration caused by the deepening of the depression and unemployment of three million people was used to appeal to the people and have their support. His message appealed especially to those who had suffered greatly because of the depression. The atmosphere at the time of the election is what the Nazis used to appeal to the people and gain their support towards their party. People were tired and suffering and Hitler was able to use this to have them blame their government for it and show them all the problems in it that caused this.
In conclusion all the things that were happening in Germany in that period provided reasons for the people why they were the better party and also were used by the Nazis to gain support and strengthen their numbers. They also used this time to learn from their failures and how to exploit what was happening in Germany at the time.
Bibliography
Encarta 6 Encyclopedia
Republic to Reich A History of Germany 118 145 Second Edition, K.J Mason
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