Thursday, April 2, 2020

Julius caesar powerplay

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Perceived as an influence, political ascendancy and ultimately authority over others, power wields itself evident in all levels of human relationships from intimate interactions to the exchanges between the leader and the state. While power represents control, it is upheld through the manipulation and manoeuvring of complex powerplay established and cajoled through institutional recognition, group intimidation and adeptly via personal means and incentives. As portrayed in the Shakespearean drama Julius Caesar where foreshadowing omens and dramatic irony initiate the tension and mood of the play, Shakespeare presents the transitory and fatal nature of powerplay where idealism conflicts with pragmatism. Where Caesar is initially the institutional power, his assassination via brute force and the games of flattery and words accentuate the uncontrollable shift of power between the characters. Similarly George Orwell's Animal farm asserts the corruptible nature of power fabricated through the satirical parody of the Russian Revolution the exploitation of scapegoats, propaganda and words. While Browning's poetic monologue My Last Duchess correlates to this obsessive need for power at a personal level, the feature article A tale of two socialites in its journalese format reveals the competition for status between two women via charm and flattery disclosing Dozoretz unexpected downfall from Denise Rich. Whilst these texts accentuate the transitory nature of powerplay and its seductive nature, the intertextuality between the different mediums reveal that "the essence of powerplay lies in its unpredictable nature"; that no matter how skilfully you exercise powerplay, the results are unpredictable. / that power is a seductive phenomenon that can only be withheld through skilful powerplay.


Institutional power pre-eminent in all political enterprises concerns itself within each text. Julius Caesar whose hubris of a lion, Mount Olympus and "as constant as the northern star", elevates his stature in the eyes of the public and conspirators who accuse him of ambition threatening the liberties of Rome. Although not yet king, his effectively executes powerplay through third person address, "for always I am Caesar" and a voice of authority which proves his commanding presence and leadership qualities. While this distances him from the other characters, it reveals his faith in his permanence which is reinforced by Antony wilfully saying, "When Caesar says, "Do this" it is performed". However, this confidence proves is undoing as he is termed a tyrant for absolute power. Caesar's triumphant entrance into the play is juxtaposed with the soothsayer's ominous prediction of "Beware the Idea of March". Although Caesar's political demeanour and power is insinuates through various motifs of thunder and lightning; the disruption of order, Shakespeare reveals the irony of his constancy and accentuates the unpredictability of power and the vulnerability of those seduced by power.


This institutional form of power is additionally acknowledged in Robert Browning's disturbing poem My Last Duchess which amplifies the corruptible nature of powerplay that is present even in personal relationships. As Henry Kissinger states, "Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac", Browning illustrates a Duke who protrudes power and status in his obsessive need to control everything in his world; wilfully destroying the life of his Duchess to regain immediate control, "This grew; I gave commands;/Then all smiles stopped together" as her naivety render her victim to power. Through his institutional "Duke" status, in which he easily gains a voice of authority via his "gift of a nine hundred year old name", like Caesar who initiates a commanding presence, the Duke achieves power whereby his first person imperative tone "Will'lt it please you rise?" and his murderous story positions the responder to intimidation and fear. The portrait of the Duchess in which he hides under a curtain symbolises the Duke's artificial control over his past as he uses this possession to gain control in the present and to seize it in the future. His former wife's portrait reveals itself as an ornament for his pride; his hubris blinding him to his own murderous impulses as he showcases his capacity for absolute power, "The Count, your masters known munificence/Is ample warrant that no pretence/Of mine for dowry will be disallowed". While Caesar is described as the "constant star", the Duke's pride allocates him as impervious as he chooses "Never to stoop", the imagery of Neptune symbolising his belief that all things should be tamed, "Notice Neptune, through taming a sea-horse, through a rarity" - frozen moments that indicate his corruptive nature. Both Caesar and Browning's poem therefore reveal that the consequences power are unpredictable and reinforces its seductive disposition.


While institutional power comes through inheritance or a voice of authority, personal power permeates all the texts as it explores the relationships between the assertion of individual power among friends, colleagues and upon oneself. While the Duke uses fear and intimidation, Julius Caesar examines the issue of power politics over personal conscience idealism verses pragmatism. Consequently, flattery could be seen as a powerful tool in manipulating where power is exercised between friends in the drama. Decius uses this technique of flattery to persuade Caesar into coming to the Senate House. While he flatters Caesar in his address, "Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar", Decius uses his quick wit to distort Calphunia's foreshadowing dream of Caesar's death by announcing it "mis-interpreted" as he explains it "signifies that from (Caesar) Rome shall suck/Reviving blood, and that great men shall press/for tinctures, stains, relics and cognisance", this flattering Caesar to his impending doom.


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Likewise, Cassius uses flattery, personal motives of envy, his reason for removing Caesar, a man with a Machiavellian nature and as Caesar observes, possesses a "lean and hungry look". Cassius proceeds to work on Brutus' natural humility "Gentle Brutus/O you and I have heard our fathers say/There was a Brutus once that would have brooked/Th' eternal devil to keep his state in Rome," declaring Brutus' duty to act for the republic of Rome. Caesar's shortcomings are additionally numerous and provide fuel for Cassius' personal attacks. Ironically, he calls Caesar "immortal", yet he builds up a picture of the epileptic Caesar who once had cried "as a sick girl" for water. Utilising comparisons as he plays on the names of Brutus and Caesar in personal terms, "Brutus and Caesar What should be in that 'Caesar'? he rhetorically twists the comparison into an argument. The consequence reveals that although Brutus motive is a public one, even the most 'honourable' and moral figures in the play are influenced by powerplay. His membership into the conspiracy is catalysed through deception, trickery and forgery, the letter to Brutus, "Speak, Strike, Redress (in which he misconstrues to his own false arguments) lures him subject to the organisation against Caesar his personal friend. Thus, Cassius effectlvely serves as a foil to Brutus where, through the metaphor of a mirror, Shakespeare portrays Cassius as a false mirror reflecting what he wants Brutus to see. However, exemplifying the unpredictability of power, once in the conspiracy, Brutus immediately controls the situation shift of power from Cassius to Brutus as Brutus fatally asserts that


"And for Mark Antony, think not of him,


For he can do no more than Caesar's arm


When Caesar's head is off" his underestimation is greatest world is a power-based context where the path and consequences power is unforeseeable.


Likewise, Sydney Morning Herald's Good Weekend (July 1, 001) The talk of two socialites discloses two women's actions in the competition for political power in the party of government through wealth, ambition and charm where Beth Dozoretz and Denise Rich "paved their own yellow brick road to the White House and friendship with the most powerful man in the world" Bill Clinton and the institutional power he wields through presidency. Like Cassius, Dozoretz uses flattery against Hillary Clinton as she proclaims, "I just think you are fabulous" and power through institutional relationships, disclosing that "If people think you are close, they'll invite you to the same dinner parties and then you will be close". Though Dozoretz thought she could scrub Denise Rich and run her as a party donor, she soon realised that "Rich wanted to run her own race" with similar intentions; connections with the institutional power the President of the United States of America. But, as the feature article juxtaposes through before-and-after graphics of Rich's transformation, while Dozoretz used lies and deceptions, Denise Rich used charm through her new image of "golden highlights", wealth and acknowledgement through charity where "She hungered for a place in the firmament. So she paid a man to put her there". Her new powerful connection, (whereby Cassius utilises the similar intentions, knowing that Brutus will be a powerful force in the movement to murder Caesar), she was able to give her ex-husband pardon where he "maximised the use of Denise Rich and her friends" portraying that in a power-based world, power can be used to gain other powers. Nevertheless, although Denise Rich had successfully manipulated the president who disclosed that he would "never forget her generosity", Dozoretz perceived the threat to her own position and strategically used Rich's power to her own advantage where the columnist were teaming her and Denise as the "gal pals" thereby gaining authority through the media and public scrutiny. The competition for the president's attention however epitomises that "whoever rates the other out first, gets the immunity"; that power and control shift imperceptibly.


However, Julius Caesar exemplifies that suicide is the ultimate powerplay at the personal level. Both Cassius and Brutus regain control over their own fate amid the chaos and battle against Antony and Octavius. They both admit to Caesar's overall powerful prominence, pertained by his ghost. Shakespeare reveals that men either regret or ignore the warnings of danger which eventually lead to their downfall. While Cassius and Brutus finally learn to accept the accuracy of omens as Cassius notices that "two mighty eagles fell" in their battlefield, replaced by "ravens, crows and kites" which represent a collapse in power, they both die with Caesar's name on their lips


"Caesar, thou art revenged


Even with the sword that killed thee"


Death therefore does not diminish Caesar's powerful presence and leadership. . Even after his death, the name "Caesar" undergoes metamorphosis from an individual man's name to the title of an institution. Caesar's aura seems to affect the general outcome of events and as Octavius ultimately assumes the title 'Caesar' where Caesar's permanence is indeed established. The fate of the protagonists nevertheless mirrors the unexpected transitory and rather dangerous results of powerplay.


Nevertheless, Julius Caesar denotes that "words are of course the most powerful drug used by mankind" (Rudyard Kipling), Though already seen in Cassius' manipulation of words, Antony's speech at Caesar's funeral represents Antony's oratory skills as a master politician as he attunes himself to his initially hostile audience.


While Brutus prides himself solely with respect to virtues and blinding himself to his personal concerns "believe me for mine honour, and have respect for mine honour" as Shakespeare denotes less effective than Antony's through prose, Antony's speech is presented in blank verse to heighten the effectiveness of his speech. Using rhetoric combined with his impulsive, improvisatory nature, he is able to gain the plebeians support as he dismantles himself from the pivot and makes himself one with the people, "Friends, Romans, countrymen". He avoids separating his private affairs from his public actions "He was my friend, faithful and just to me" as he undermines the conspirators even while it appears deferential to them. Thus, using dramatic irony which sways the opinion of the crowd without attacking the conspirators directly, he is able to call them "honourable" in a sarcastic manner that the crowd is able to understand. Anthony states in his speech that "[Brutus] Hath told you Caesar was ambitious," and then he retorts with images of Caesar where, "he hath brought many captives home to Rome", "when the poor hath cried, Caesar hath wept" and "I thrice presented him with a kingly crown which he did thrice refuse" turning the crowd against the conspirators, knowing that mob power is a powerful force which deems to destroy and showing power's unpredictability.


Anthony teases the crowd with Caesar's will until they demand it to be read to which the infuriated crowd yells out "They were traitors. Honourable men." Using Caesar's prop to manoeuvre the crowd's sympathy as he pauses for complete control and trust, "My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar and I must pause till it come back to me" while the imperatives "look", "rent", "stabbed", "mark", in which he emphasises the brutality of the attack moves the crowd to anger and revenge. Thus, whilst Brutus promises vague abstract ideas such as virtue, Antony is able to exploit physical, concrete things like Caesar's wounds, mantle, money, land and his will. Antony is therefore able to eloquently manipulate the crowd to "mutiny and rage" despite his false modesty a result of Brutus' poor judgment and insane mistake of underestimating the unexpected Antony as a frivolous lightweight. Shakespeare therefore asserts that power is maintained only through skilful powerplay results that prove unaccountable.


George Orwell's animal farm further reveals the unpredictable nature of powerplay through a political satire that reinforces the corruption seen in Browning's The Last Duchess. While this absolute power is fears of Caesar and which substantiates his arrogant behaviour, Animal Farm reveals Stalin's control embodied through the character of Napoleon. While Napoleon uses brute force to eliminate Snowball, as did the conspirators in Caesar, he strategically withholds all sources of information where he uses it as a cloak to hide the pigs' acquisition of power and luxury. HE uses Snowball as a scapegoat, "Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball", while he sustains his power by bringing back the threatening painful images from the past, "surely comrades, you do not want Jones back?" as his vanity disclosed with a portrait of himself painted against the wall of the barn. Like Marc Antony, power is borne by words and propaganda where the pigs in his novel gained power through their intelligence to read and write - their reason for taking the milk for themselves with feigned concern, "It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples" an insidious path to control. Thus, by feigning concern for the other animals, changing the rules and slogans "ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL, BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS" and adopting propaganda in the new song " Comrade Napoleon" which exemplified Napoleon's machinations, malignant corruption and his thirst for power and that words are indeed the ultimate powerplay for persuasion.


In correlation of Antony, Squealer thus realises the audience's deep need for reassurance and is naturally inclined to believe the voice of authority. His nimble-minded, insinuating and vaguely menacing nature adopted with false emotions and act of tearful sorrow enables him to manipulate the situation as he tells of Boxer's last moments, as did Antony use sorrow to gain trust. Squealer's clever manipulation of words with understated menace, "You do imagine, I hope…", the manipulation of the commandments as they exploit the animal's illiteracy and his denial, "A pile of straw in a stall is a bed, properly regarded" and use of statistics to gain credibility represents him as an skilful orator. Animal farm consequently shows that the concentration of power in the hands of the few is dangerous because the few are incapable of applying it for the good of the many. It's unpredictability lies in the way Snowball with idealisms and lack of ruthlessness like Brutus is eliminated from expectation as Orwell denotes that the pigs are no less different to the human complexities and tendency to turn power into corruption.


Thus, as seen throughout the texts, power, exercised through powerplay is an unpredictable force that can only be withheld by the ruthless and institutional where idealism does not undermine its structure. Power, as exemplified by Julius Caesar through institutional, personal and through language is equally seen in My Last Duchess, the feature article and Animal farm which all reinforce that power is in fact an uncontrollable concept that deems to separate one's morality from their actions and it ultimately unpredictable in its consequences and methods of utilisation.


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Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Prostate cancer

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Prostate Cancer, a common form of cancer, is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the prostate. The prostate is on the male sex glands, and is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The size of the prostate is about the size of a walnut. It surrounds the part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The prostate makes fluid that becomes part of the semen, which contains sperm. Prostate cancer is most commonly found in older men. As a man gets older, his prostate may get bigger and block the urethra of the bladder, which can cause him to have difficulty urinating or even interfere with sexual functions. This condition is called Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), and although it is not cancer, surgery may be needed to correct it. The symptoms of BPH, or other problems in the prostate may be similar to symptoms of prostate cancer. Some common symptoms of prostate cancer are weak or interrupted flow of urine, urinating often (especially at night), difficulty urinating, pain or burning from urinating, blood in the urine, and nagging pain in the back, hips, or pelvis. Often, there are no early symptoms of prostate cancer. Once cancer of the prostate has been found, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread from the prostate to tissues around it, or to other parts of the body. This is calledstaging. It is very important to know the stage if the disease to plan for the treatment. The following stages are used for prostate cancer Stage 1 Prostate cancer at this stage cannot be felt and causes no symptoms. The cancer is only in the prostate and usually is found accidentally when surgery is done for other reasons, such as BPH. Cancer cells may be found in one, or many areas of the prostate. Stage II The tumor may be shown by a blood test or felt in the areas of the prostate during rectal exam, but the cancer cells are only in the prostate gland. Stage III Cancer cells have spread outside the covering (capsule) of the prostate to tissues surrounding it. The seminal vesicles may also have cancer in them. Stage IV Cancer cells have spread to lymph nodes near or far from the prostate, or to other organs and tissues, such as the liver or lungs. Prostate staging can also be described using T (tumor size), N (extent of spread to lymph nodes), and M (extent of spread to other parts of the body). Three kinds of treatments for prostate cancer that are commonly used are Surgery (taking out the cancer), radiation therapy (using high dose x-rays or other high energy rays to kill cancer cells), and hormone therapy (using hormones to stop cancer cells from growing). Surgery is the most common of the three treatments. The cancer may be removed by either radical prostatectomy, transurethral resection, or cryosurgery (removing the cancer by freezing it. Radical prostatectomy removes the prostate and some the tissues that surround it. This surgery may be done by cutting into the space between the scrotum and the anus in an operation called a perneal prostatectomy, or by cutting into the lower abdomen in an operation called a retropubic prostatectomy. Radical prostatectomy is done only if the cancer has not spread outside the prostate. Often, a surgery to remove the lymph nodes in the pelvis, called pelvic lymph node dissection, is done to make sure the cancer has not spread outside the prostate. If it is found out that the lymph nodes do have cancer, a prostatectomy will most likely not be performed. Transurethral resection cuts the cancer from the prostate using a tool with a small wire loop on the end that is put into the prostate through the urethra. This operation is sometimes done to relieve symptoms caused by the tumor before other treatment, or in men who cannot have a radical prostatectomy because of age or other illnesses. Radiation therapy uses high x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body, or from putting materials that produce radiation through thin plastic tubes in the area where the cancer is found. A side effect from radiation therapy is impotence. Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can take many forms. Male hormones can actually help prostate cancer grow. To stop the cancer from growing, drugs that decrease the amount of male hormones made may be given. Sometimes, an operation to remove the testicles is done to stop the testicles from making testosterone. Hot flashes are a side effect of hormone therapy. Current research of prostate cancer has linked it to the X chromosome, which is one of two chromosomes that determine sex in mammals. This is the first time that a gene for a common type of cancer has been linked to the X chromosome. Dr. Patrick C. Walsh of John Hopkins said,This is a major step toward a better understanding of the factors responsible for prostate cancer, and would not have possible without the intense effort and collaboration of a large number of scientists and patients in the U.S., Finland, and Sweden. Dr. Francis Collins said,Mapping HPCX brings us one step closer to understanding the origins of prostate cancer¡¦Now we need to identify the precise gene and the misspelling which correlated with risk of cancer. Knowing where prostate cancer comes from will enable doctors to determine who is more at risk then others so that they will be able to prevent future patients from getting it. Surgical castration is the most cost-effective treatment for prostate cancer, but it is not the choice of many. A new method is to target a beam of high-intensity ultrasound at the prostate. This may destroy cancer cells, and have few side effects. However, there have only been preliminary studies, so evidence is not conclusive. Another method being tested is implanting radioactive seeds into the prostate. This method is called brachytherapy, in which pellets smaller then grains of rice are inserted into the prostate. Preliminary studies show much success, and it is believed that this method can be better then surgery. There are many treatments today for prostate cancer, and many more potential cures. However, today, there is nothing that can be done to permanently remove the cancer. All that can be done now is slow down the process. Hopefully, in the future with all the medical advances, someone will be able to find a cure to help the thousands of men that suffer and die each year from this terrible disease. Resources The Prostate Book, Rous. www.cancer.org www.comed.com/prostate/index.html www.msnbc.com/news Bibliography Resources The Prostate Book, Rous. www.cancer.org www.comed.com/prostate/index.html www.msnbc.com/news Word Count


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Tuesday, March 31, 2020

Women in war

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I would certainly have to agree when it's said that women during Elizabethan England didn't have much control of their lives. Most of the women during such times were under control or live on other peoples orders and the rules of community or country. They have no control of their lives as decisions are made mostly by the one that is from a higher rank or more powerful and even parents.


Let's just take a look at the nurse who works for Viola's family. I would have to say that the nurse doesnt actually have a life of her own. She didn't have the choice to choose the career that she wants as she came from the lower class. She had no choice but to spent her life working as a nursemaid to serve and take good care of her masters daughter, Viola. She was given no chance to make a choice of her own but to obey every single word the master or even Viola said. What was worse was that the nurse also doesnt get to choose who to love. She couldnt marry an actor or politician or just anyone from the higher rank because she is from the lower rank and the society forbids her from doing so. She had to live her life the way the master or the society wants her to.


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What about Viola? Things aren't much of a difference to her when it comes to making decisions about her life despite the fact that she came from a wealthy family. Even though she grows up in a rich and high rank family, her life is under the control of her parents and she has to follow each and every rule of her family and the country. She likes acting but she isnt allowed to do so as this will go against the rule of the theater, which forbids women from taking part and playing roles in the theater. Because of the existence of such rules, she had to dress up as a man and disguise herself as Thomas Kent in order to get the role in the Romeo and Juliet play. She has to sneak out every time when she wants to go to the theater for rehearsal with the help of the nurse. She didn't have much of a choice either even when it comes to her marriage. Violas father had literally sold her to Wessex who gains fortune in return for the fame that the marriage between Viola and Wessex would promise to bring to the family and the coming generation. Viola couldn't object even when she doesn't have any love for the man that she was going to marry because the parents had already make the decision.


Viola didn't have the freedom to choose who she wants to spend her live with. She was deeply in love with William Shakespeare but she couldnt be with him because of the difference of the classes that separates both of them. Shes was in a much higher and richer class compared to William. Because of this Viola had to leave behind her love for William and marry someone that she didnt love and barely know because of the obligation as a daughter of her parents.


Rosaline too did not have much control of her live. She came from a low rank and poor family. To support her life, she has to be the mistress of Burbage even when her true love is actually Will Shakespeare. You can see clearly that Rosaline did not have much control of her life too from the way people talked to her. Shes being treated like a 'maid' and a 'sex object'. People disgrace her because they think that she sleeps around for the sake of money.


Queen Elizabeth, a prominent figure who is given unduly respect and holds strong command. It is sad to say that the queen also couldn't escape such ill treating during that time. The queen didnt have much control of her love life as well. She was being forced into a marriage with one of the prince of Spain. She didnt have any choice because she bares royal blood and she couldnt just marry anyone. She also had to play her role as the leader of the country even if she didn't like it.


I would conclude that such acts actually violate the human rights. People should be allowed to do things that they want to do and not the way that people want them to. It is such a blessing that the people finally came to realize about how bad it is and that things are not as bad now as how it was during the Elizabethan England era.


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Monday, March 30, 2020

Sociology and The Perception Of Deviance

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Perception of Deviance


Ryan Wagner


Suppose someone tells you that your car had just been stolen. The natural human reaction is shock, and a need to see it for themselves. So, in response, you go running outside to see if your car is still there, and it is. The person that told you of your car being stolen is now hysterically laughing while you have a very perplexed look on your face. At this moment, you realize that you have been lied to and tricked. It is not a big deal, it was a gag, and so you simply laugh along with your friend to show your good humor and to avoid embarrassment. Lying is a form of deviance. It is called perjury. But you don't bring your friend to trail. He did not commit a deviant act. Yet someone that lies to the police or in court, and it is found that they have lied; they can be prosecuted for that crime. Not only is lying a form of deviance according to the U.S. Constitution, but it is also one of the 10 Commandments. So how is it that so many people these days knowing speak falsehoods to people and not be punished for it? The answer lies in discretion.


Deviant behavior is formed by the construction of norms in a society. Therefore, if there are laws against someone lying, or killing, there should be no area of leniency in the deviance in these areas where laws have been made to protect the society against such people. Laws are created to punish, treat, seclude, and reprimand the deviant people in a society to ensure peace and security. Society depends on discretion for the constant balance between good and evil. If everything that is defined as deviant was deviant, if it was a black and white matter, courts would be more out of control than they are now, jails would be packed worse than today, and the number of people labeled as deviants in one way or another would virtually include everyone. Since having such a tight government would probably lead to a war, discretion was built in to weed out the crimes from the faux pas. This is why I can say "I ate a whole 50lbs turkey at thanksgiving by myself!" and not be arrested for it. It is what we call in society, a "white lie". Therefore, the relativist view on deviant behavior is basically stating that discretion is a necessity, and must be used whenever possible to determine the deviants from the real deviants.


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Thursday, March 26, 2020

Globalization at Parker Pen Company

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1. Distinguish between a global and a multi-domestic strategy [6]


The two strategies mentioned are what could be referred to as a businesses core proposal. Before they can determine pricing strategies, channels of distributions and marketing analysis the key players in a business need to identify whether to stay in their country, or move to a macro playing field.


To further emphasize on those points, the global and multi-domestic aspects will be broken down into two separate fields. Globalization on the international economic front pays reference to the process in which there is both an increase in world market share in both goods and services, and furthermore an increase in the integration in the world's capital market. Here, you diverge from the local arena onto an international front. In turn, globalization has been linked with the cause of the rapid growth in world trade and economic growth. To tie certain concepts with the issues of Parker Pen, they superficially took their image as the driving force on their global escapade. With their "Make Your Mark with Parker" logo, standardized typeface, logo and design. This therefore proposed the idea to the consumers that Parker Pen was viewed similarly worldwide.


Multi-Domesticity tends to centre on the individual country and market themselves as opposed to homogenizing their image and products, companies adjust their strategies to best suit the various markets at hand and so too correspond to the difference in consumers needs and wants. Parker Pen did this in respect to the relevance of France and Italy, here expensive fountain pens were the catalytic approaches, where as in Scandinavia, a lower illustration was adopted with respect to the ballpoint pen being their primary scheme.


Cheap College Papers on Globalization at Parker Pen Company


. What challenges does a business face when it decides to market its product internationally? [0]


When altering your median of marketing, whether it is domestically, nationally, regionally or globally many impediments with either hinder or facilitate your reposition. Much like life itself, each decision and choice we make comes with significant pros and cons, however the latter at times seems to foreshadow the first. Many reasons cause a business to encumber or re-think its move, and in this instance and when other businesses choose to digress to a universal arena, these are the crucial factors that come into play.


Legalities and the Governments Indeed, there are many trade and foreign policies that countries and companies alike are subjected to and may be forced to comply with. For example, Japan's closed-door policy caused may business to seek other opportunities elsewhere. Furthermore, the trade barriers and restrictions that could be cast upon you may disallow you to progress rapidly. Governments may not be partial to the idea of opening its trade doors to an overseas company, so in turn may take a bias against the firm. Additionally, there would be a distinct lack of appreciation if it caused a rupture in the domestic market and domestic businesses. As noted in China where the resident businesses went through losses and a native economic recession due to the entrance of international corporations.


Competition When 'going international' you are put under direct competition with the more familiar local firms that are already well established in their given countries. With the concrete fundamentals already laid, many local businesses have loyal customers and perhaps secure contacts. As seen with Parker Pen, their product was lined up in a direct competitive comparison when the "Japanese had started making inexpensive disposable pens."


Language, Social and Cultural Barriers - For the reason that you are not in your homeland, you need to adapt to the ways and means of your new consumers. Firstly, in order to do business with them you need to speak their language and learn their styles, previously Fedders air-conditioning company found this to be a necessity in China in order to interact with one another. Your advertising campaigns and methods of distribution need to carefully selected when entering a new country, as you will constantly be under a direct spotlight. For example, the revelations of women would in no respect be appropriate in a Pro Muslim society, thus coercing you to re-adapt. What may be a joke and turn on to you is equally another mans demise and aversion.


Ethics The moral principles here need to under-pin the decision making process, tying hand in hand with the previous point, decisions in a foreign country need to be made on ethics even if it means overlooking the most profitable solution if it indeed favours and benefits society. 'An ethical decision is what is morally right, it is not a matter of scientific calculation.' Moreover one must ensure that he is selling his product and brand, and not his country and their religion and try and appear to adopt a missionary like stature via 'cultural exports.' Fortunately enough Parker Pen didn't encounter this problem, because although fairly subtle, the question of ethics can indeed crumble a large-scale corporation if it is not practiced appropriately.


Human Resources Who are you to employ? Who are your manufacturers, suppliers and distributors? How much do you pay? These are all key uncertainties that are addressed. In respect to labour, are you to hire more skilled workers and more unskilled and to what extent is it apposite to bring your own workforce.


Communication With the difference in time zones and medial equipment, interaction between the headquarters and the foreign offices are very difficult to maintain. In a centralized system this would be evidently problematical, by calling at 5pm your time you may be waking up the CEO at 5am his time. Also, the idea of language differences comes into play again, where you may read left to right, others read right to left. Communication problems amongst the locals could arise and thus affect the business, as it wouldn't have the ability to address the situation because of the language restrictions at hand.


Production, Distribution and Infrastructure If you were to re-locate to a less developed country the concept of infrastructure would be an immediate concern because with the lack of a durable infrastructure comes a lack of safety. As well, where would it be most advantageous to set up your offices and factories in terms of location, and where could your distributional point reach its climax. Inevitably one may need to situate itself in the midst of the bulk majority of people, yet have its factory in the industrial outskirts of the city, like Shanghai for example.


Technology Again, the notions of developments and advancements come into play when going international. Because in today's modern world, one cannot progress successfully if its realm doesn't allow them to do so on the technological front.


Financial Costs & Economic Standpoint Firstly by adopting a multi-domestic strategy, one would have to scout and research each individual country and various consumer markets, which does add up as a great and significant financial cost. Moreover, currency problems could arise which would then stem to form conversion problems, "Parker Pen into a false security… about 80% of the company's sales were abroad, which mean that when local currency profits were translated into dollars, big profits were recorded." The economical shape of the country may mount to serious concerns because if it was a nd or rd developed country for example, the bulk share of people wouldn't be able to afford an expensive product, Parker Pen. Therefore it reduces and limits your market segment.


. Distinguish between centralization & decentralization [4]


Centralization is drawing decision-making powers from the local or lower-level parts of the organization, and concentrating them within the head office or centre. The advantages here is that it provides a consistent level of policies throughout the firm and it ensures quick decision making processes. However it reduces the input of the day-to-day experts and becomes heavily reliant on the executives, also it bears the risk of demoralizing managers who could have the ability to feel powerless and un-trusted.


Decentralization is the devolving power from the head office to the local branches/divisions. It involves passing authority down the ranks, delegation. Here, it empowers local managers and encourages them and heightens their motivational levels and so too does it reduce to day-to-day volume of communication. Conversely, the break in uniformity may strike consumers unsettlement and the local managers intuition may conflict with the head office, who's position is to measure the success of the product and sales mixes.


4. What primary and secondary data could Parker Pen collect to help this decision making process? [6]


Primary research is the gathering of first-hand data that is tailor-made to fit a firm's own products, customers and markets. Parker Pens could've conducted interviews or questionnaires to see how much of the population were willing to purchase high priced pens at a given budget, similarly how many would buy lower priced pens. By doing this it provides them with a public consensual perspective on their company, and assists them to create a forecast of possible sales. Although the primary research is limited, the secondary research could prove to be more constructive. Secondary research is the gathering of information from second-hand sources (books etc…). Parker Pen could check their previous accounts to see which of their pens was selling well and which weren't. They could indeed observe other companies accounts which would provide them of the successes and failures in their divisions, therefore combining it with the knowledge they obtained from their own company it would permit them to generalize the consumers preferences. In doing so it could inevitably allow them in predicting market trends and sizes.


5. What market segments exist in the pen market? [6]


Market segmentation is the analysis of a market, which identifies the different types of consumer. Thus by matching the consumer categories with the products on offer, market niches may emerge.


Demographically the pen market would be subjected to the various age groups and social classes. Parker Pen attempted to identify these and spread their product across the spectrum by having ballpoint pens for the young and lower classes, to the fountain pens for the older, upper class generations.


Psychographically there are no distinct attitudes or tastes when pens are concerned, however by having various agencies it allows the pen industry (in this case Parker) a greater and deeper understanding to what may be classed as a trendy or staid look. In respect to the demographics and psychographics, the pen market spreads across the whole spectrum of ages and designs. The final segment that may exist in terms of market is that which is relative to the Geographic's of the pen. The ideals of global and multi-domestic arise here where the region of sales needs to be considered. Pens are sold worldwide.


6. What went wrong at Parker Pen? [0]


Parker Pens unsuccessful attempts at a corporate restructuring failed for numerous reasons that spin together to form a web of consistent confusion that arose from the 160's till the mid 180's.


It began with the perplexity of the currency situation they found themselves in and the fact that they were so heavily dependent on sales abroad. Due to this they had the initial misconception of big profits when the local currencies were converted. Furthermore, as time progressed and as the dollar's value soared, Parker lost even more profits and so too did it lose a bulk of its market share. Hand in hand with the uprising of high end fliers such as A.T. Cross and Montblanc resulted in them losing even greater market stakes. At this point in time one could label Parker Pen as being a 'problem child,' or even to the extent of a 'dog' due to the fact that they lost such a large share, in a consistent market. Moving on, they faced extensive tribulations on the production and manufacturing elements of their escapade. With the continual breakdown of their $15 million plant, it not only would've caused lapses in production but also affected the machines drastically, all the way from the structure of the machine, down to its very gears. This proved evident as its "costs soared and the factory turned out defective products in unacceptable numbers." These issues would've stemmed from the naivety and negligence of not fully researching the technical aspects of producing new pens, and if they had done so it would've increased to number of sellable pens and in turn reduced their costs. Another concern originated from the management themselves and the inter-relationships between the subsidiaries and the scheme of having 4 different advertising agencies. Peterson immediately cut one of the most profitable subsidiaries, and then by bringing in a further three managers caused even greater lengths of tension of conflict. With the core concept of centralization being adopted and accepted, it placed further pressure onto an already delicate situation. It resulted in being the 'one world, one brand, one advertisement' ideal versus the 'Make Your Mark' approach.


However the greatest contributing factor to Parker Pens loss was fanned from the idea to go global, and abandoning its familiar high rated market. Many consumers and distributors alike disagreed with the globalization strategy because they felt that Parker Pen could not be viewed at a consistent level throughout the world because it hadn't yet stamped its reputation. On the contrary they should've embraced a multi-domestic policy and altered its worldwide markets progressively yet simultaneously keeping the core concepts of the company, which were the logos and images. Directly related to their adolescent attitude, Parker Pen ended up diluting the very image they were trying to sustain and uphold. By focusing on low-end products it resulted it losing its stature as an opulent brand, which thus caused an ultimate loss of $ million in the United States alone. Paying reference to the Ansoff Matrix this time, Parker Pen should've concentrated on developing or penetrating their market in order to regain their market share, this could've been achieved by new advertising campaigns or newer, classier pens. However they took the product development into mind but endeavored in diving into low-range products, in a lower range market.


The final straw and consequential factor was that their group marketing team were either sacked or had resigned by January 185.


7. Why has globalization increased in the last 10-0 years? [8]


Globalization has been credited with the improvements in peoples standards of living, and so too has it increased the power of the multinationals. Some of the growth in trade has evolved as a result of efforts to make trade easier through the trade negotiations of the World Trade Organisation. Although this has only escalated over the past couple of decades, each country and company alike assisted in the eventual progression to a successful trading arena. Firstly businesses began to become more analytical and critical of the paths to profit they had accepted, and in turn took different routes. They progressed from a domestical front, to a national, then regional and eventually global. There were no drastic leaps and bounds. In doing so, countries reduced the barriers and restrictions of trading and hence lowered it tax and tariff levels, which permitted companies' easier access to operate. With that in mind, the cost of communication nowadays is far faster and cheaper than it used to be, and along with the fact that we have a various spread of communiqu's increases financial efficiency (asset turnover) within a business. Moreover, labour and production efficiencies are augmented because of the huge benefits of economies of scale that are on offer. At the present we look to specialists and the division of work, with the concepts of delegation and the greater spreads of the chains of commands being practiced. In terms of technical economies, such is the use of automated equipment where we find it to be more cost effective than sole manual labour. Although this is only apparent though when the fixed costs of the machine can be spread over the units of output. Bulk buying and obtaining supplies at lower unit costs therefore cuts variable costs allows us to gain from purchasing economies. Finally we are able to capitalize on financial economies of scale which stem from the lower costs of capital charged to large firms. Banks are now charging lower rates of interest, and investors are more open to and willing to accept dividend yields. Which is due to the fact that bigger firms are more diversified and less vulnerable to liquidation.


External economies are the advantages of scale the benefit the whole industry that gives far greater incentive for companies to perform them regularly. With all the given factors added up, the resultant product is a pacey yet progressive economy that spreads through much of the world via inter-relationships and globalization


Please note that this sample paper on Globalization at Parker Pen Company is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Globalization at Parker Pen Company, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Globalization at Parker Pen Company will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Wednesday, March 25, 2020

Im Clone

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Im Clone. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Im Clone paper right on time.


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There was a point in time where kingdoms were the all powerful voice, kingdoms like the Roman Empire. Times changed and it became countries like Russia or the United States. Now times have changed once again although we still have laws and regulations that are enforced with countries businesses, companies and corporations have the international voice now. Especially here in the U.S. where even the sky is not a limit for a business to expand. It is because of this that people look up to corporations to see how they are doing and what they have to say. The problem is that people run businesses. People are not perfect, even if they are big CEO's.


Martha Stewart is one of these CEO's that in recent times has run into problems. She is the CEO of the company she created Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. worth as of June 00, $6. It consists of a multi-platform franchise, which includes a TV show, her magazine, a variety of retail endeavors such as bed sheets, garden tools, etc., website and books. "Martha Stewart is America's domestic goddess, offering the last word on everything from serving a dinner for 80 to growing peas". Stewart was viewed as "the housewife to die for". Everyone wanted more of her and her products. She is a success story to many especially women. She can be compared and in some ways even surpass Opera. Her success has called the attention of more publishers, business partners and consumers.


Early in the year Stewart had a considerable amount of stock in a company called Imclone Systems Inc. A day before the company publicly announced that regulators had rejected its cancer drug; Erbitux Stewart sold her stock in that company. On June 1, 00 Martha Stewart was charged with illegal trading on inside information. Whether this is true or not is still being investigated. I cannot make a judgment on which no one has the full details. In this country it is innocent until proven guilty yet this allegation has created a great repercussion on Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. Stewart says that she started selling when she saw that the family of Imclone were selling. If she did commit this "crime" then she is fully responsible for her actions and the outcome of them. If she did not use inside information to trade then she might as well have because the result would have been the same either way.


Her company has suffered create loses. Her stock value has diminished as much as 5% percent in the first month of the investigation. People were scared of the scandal and quickly moving away to prevent there stock to become another penny stock company like Enron. This makes the stock value to lower more and more. Over the next few months Stewart found herself defending her image by all means including investing in advertising with a new commercial and making public appearances. Her image is the only thing that can save her company. Was once her strong hold is now her vulnerability.


Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. although is not what it used to be does not seem to be going under. Maybe we can attribute this to the way the company dealing with the scandal. They carry on like there is no problem. No major partnerships have been broken. Maybe this is because if the other companies such as Kmart were to break away they would suffer even more loses. Kmart and other companies have become reliant on the sales they make off of Martha's products.


It certainly seems like this CEO will beat these turbulent times and move on, even thought they have considered removing her from being the CEO. In my opinion there are going to be fewer and fewer companies that are based on one celebrity. What would happen if she got hurt or unable to carry on in regular business? We cannot rely on any one person because no one is perfect and we all make mistakes along the way.


Empire not much affected, yet, by cloud over Martha Stewart


The New York Times


June 5,00


Leslie Kaufman


Pushy, Nasty -- so very Martha


The Times (London)


June 6, 00


Christopher Byron


Martha Stewart's insider trading continues


MSNBC


August 6, 00


Dan Abrams


Is this the bottom of the rose?


USA Today


September ,00


Maria Puente


Martha and Kmart hold fast, for now


The New York Times


October , 00


Constance L. Hays


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Tuesday, March 24, 2020

The "Prophets"

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The "Prophets"


1. There are both clear differences and similarities in the ways that the four prophets Moses, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Amos experienced God. One similarity that exists between the stories of Moses and Isaiah is that they both saw angels or "seraphim." Another similarity between their two stories is the fact that they both directly heard the voice of God speaking to them. This is also true in the story of Jeremiah. It is not written how exactly Amos experienced God in his prophecies. In fact, very little is written about the prophecies of Amos. In one English translation it is written that Amos "saw visions concerning Israel." There is much left up to interpretation concerning the story of Amos and how he actually experienced God.


Both Moses and Jeremiah seemed to question God's decision of appointing them prophets or messengers. However, Isaiah seems to be enthusiastic about being a prophet and says to the angel of God "Here I am! Send me! (as a prophet)." In Jeremiah's story, he is told that he was selected by God to be a prophet even before he was born. This is unique to his story and no other prophet is told the same thing.


. The most obvious difference between the stories of the four biblical prophets and that of Martin Luther King Jr.'s is that whereas the biblical prophets heard the voice of their God or Yahweh as it is commonly referred to, King Jr. heard the voice of Jesus. Besides this large difference there are not many others. The stories are all similar for the most part and most of the "prophecies" also came at times of despair or struggle.


Cheap Custom Essays on The "Prophets"


I do not wish to prove that Martin Luther King Jr. did not hear the voice of Jesus just as I do not wish to prove that he did. I do not think it even matters whether or not he actually heard the voice of God. What matters is that the man performed great, admirable, and inspiring feats. In this sense, King did act as a prophet since he served as a messenger of what is right and true, a leader, and even a savior.


Just so it can be noted and to fully answer the question To be honest, I do not believe that King truly heard the voice of Jesus or any God for that matter. Although it involved another entire discussion, I do not believe that God "talks to" or gives visions to human beings. However, I do believe in a God and that God is inside each and every human being. Martin Luther King Jr. was able to find the God within himself and perform wonders.


Please note that this sample paper on The "Prophets" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The "Prophets", we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on The "Prophets" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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