Heroin and It's Effects

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Heroin and the Long Term Effects

Heroin addiction is a disease, which may end in death for some that suffer from this disease. This addiction is an illness of the mind, body and soul. All of these aspects effect the addict as a whole. This addiction actually dehumanizes the person afflicted with the disease (Heroin-Effects).

This horrendous disease shows in many different forms. The first way it does is through putting the mind into a cycle of obsession (heroin-effects). Once the mind takes its first fix of heroin, addicts can no longer view the world as they did before. Before the addict has even finished the first dose of heroin, he/she is already thinking of the next dose (Heroin-Effects). This cycle increases until the person is willing to do anything for the drug, stealing from their families and loved ones, etc. But yet, they are so concentrated on what they need, they see nothing wrong with what they are doing. As the addiction progresses, they no longer even try to hide it. They start leaving evidence all over. Many of them want help and want to kick the addiction but it's just too hard.

Heroin can be put in the system of a person in many different ways smoking, snorting, and intravenously (Heroin-Effects). IV drug use can lead to more than just an addiction. It can lead to HIV and Hepatitis C by sharing needles with someone who is affected. When injected, there is a feeling of pleasure. Heroin makes the person feel no pain. Taken orally, effects are felt more gradually (Pritchard). When heroin is taken, the user feels euphoric and extremely good (Pritchard). He feels a "rush" of pleasure.

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This is why it is highly addictive; but when the person comes down off the drug, he can feel drowsy and suffer from nausea (Pritchard). Some symptoms of the short-term effects of heroin use are restlessness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth and increased urination.

Tolerance of the drug means that over time and with regular use, a user needs more and more of a drug to get the same effect (Pritchard). Tolerance also increases the risk of dangerous or fatal overdose (Pritchard). If an addict stops doing the drug for a period of time and then starts again, taking the same amount they were use to taking could result in an overdose because his/her tolerance level has decreased for that drug.

I once knew a young man who was addicted to heroin. It is an awful thing to watch the symptoms the addict has to endure. This young man wanted so much to quit, but he was already too far into this horrible disease. He tried many different ways to drop his addiction. He tried rehabilitation, doctors and therapy and nothing seemed to work.

Heroin addiction is an unintentional suicide for many. Death is a strong word, but in the case of heroin effects it is the final destination (heroin-effects). Aside from this addiction, this young man was a very loving person. He was always one to lend a helping hand. I grew to love and adore this man with all my heart. On June , 001, I not only lost a dear friend; I lost my oldest brother to this horrible disease.

Works Cited Page

Spencer Recovery Center. Heroin-Effects.

http//www.heroin-effects.com/heroin-addiction.htm.

Pritchard, William. Let's Talk About Why People Take Drugs. http//www.ayn.ca/health/en/addictions/addiction_why.asp.

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My path

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By Phoenix

A Night In The Rain There he stood, in amazement, gazing at, what a few moments ago, had been his ticket to freedom. Then flash, in the blink of an eye, the world was turned upside down. When I finally got myself together I was laying about 0 feet from the wreckage. I stood up and in front of me lay tons of graceful carnage strung across the field like a satin sheet after a restless night. Fire was everywhere illuminating the night with its delicate destruction. I could see through its glow about four or five train cars flung off of the tracks in such a matter that to the unknowing it would have looked like they had been placed for a special scene. Yet this was not the case for the victims of its random wrath. Scraps of tin and other metals of various makes had been coated to the surrounding forest. The night had been long and full of happiness. The concierge party had been attended by all of the of the most refined and had been an event of memorable proportions; however, compared next to the scene of silence with which I was now being forced to open up to it was just a ripple in an infinite pond. The sounds of the night had even been silenced. Not a chirp, a howl, nor any voices of and recognizable strength emanated for the attending darkness. I sat there in amazement for what seemed to be an eternity gazing at the beautiful bloodshed. Then out of the depth, darkness and despair that had so totally consumed me, there was the sound of a lone being. A howl that seemed to illuminate my soul with the hope of continuation. I turned and looked only to see a scene that I had only imagined lived in the fairy tales, and movies of our imagination. A lone white wolf perched on a cliff with only the stars behind him and the fire behind me shining upon his gracefulness. Then in an instant the flashback of it all slapped me. I dont really understand what totally happened. All that I could pull up into my conscientiousness was a few sparks and then nothing. My only guess at that moment was that something had either been placed on or had fallen onto the tracks and derailed us. But as I stood there and watched the earth burn with agony, I found it terrible hard to imagine that something as small as that could cause something that will cause so much pain, misery, and hatred.

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Postmodernism and television

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POSTMODERNISM AND TELEVISION

BY R SPILSBURY

Critically examine the implications of the postmodern era on television viewing for its audiences.

Postmodernism can be defined as having two meanings, firstly as a type of society (coming after the modern). Driven by the new age (information), encompassing the entire world diversifying through many sub-groups and sub-cultures. Secondly it can be used as a way of knowing the world, by its nature allows society to question the "truth" and the very perception of "reality". At its core is the belief that there are no standards by which to judge multi-cultural societies, art, fashion etc, or even core beliefs or values. The postmodernist view on knowledge is a relativist ideology; the rejection of universal standards of judgement, by this is meant that everyone can determine the standards that are envisaged. Nothing else compares to the cultural phenomenon that is television, arguably the 'Post-modern' medium of the 0th Centaury and beyond. The explosion of which lead to men like, Foucault, Baudrillard, Jameson and others giving us words like; hyper-reality, consumerism, simulation and many others. These concepts were born out of a desire to gain an understanding of the new 'discourse', others formed from the very concept itself. Television is a global industry directly mimicking the socio-economic process of postmodernization, the multi-faceted channels offer the viewer the opportunity to participate in the 'new world' or not depending on the channel their watching at the time. Society today lives in a media saturated world, dominated by its own vastness and complexity. To investigate its many forms (books, radio, television, press, video etc) would be impossible to do in one short essay. Their technologies are constantly improving speed and deliveries are equalled by the great diversification among each genre. They have become commodities in their own right, entwining themselves in the social cultural web. Postmodern theorist Jean Baudrillard (18) suggested that we live in a media-dominated world, this world is at one remove from reality, i.e. a world of 'hyperreality'. He argues that the massive increases in the 'signs' and images that became to dominate the media vehicles after World War Two resulted in the differences between objects and their meanings disappearing. This reality has become a 'simulation' self-perpetuating itself independently allowing for the conceptual hype by advertisers for whatever gain they see fit. Much of this can be seen on everyday television, the blurring of real life with the perceived 'reality', take the everyday soap opera (Coronation Street, Eastenders etc) many would argue that perception is not to difficult to distinguish. But is doesn't stop people from stopping an actor in the street, to abuse them over how they are treating a fictional character. Many would argue that these types of programming represent a more traditional anti postmodernistic view.

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Infact they act as a catalyst for the debate in the real world, enabling for the dissection of social and cultural problems. He even went on to suggest that the 11 Gulf War did not take place, logic dictates that it did, but what he means is that it was media driven event. They 'Hyped' the whole thing 'Codified' pre-selected material for the Western audience, fuelling the xenophobic attitude that was prevailing, or was it? Television more than any other medium allows us to experience vastly different perspectives and motivations in a simultaneous environment. This medium is a vehicle for 'sigh-codes' some blatant others hidden as secondary messages. Take for example 'Car Adverts' at a surface level merely selling a car, as you go deeper they are suggesting that the car is a sexy, fun, romantic, status enhancing product; that you the consumer should not be missing out on. And lastly that their product is the 'complete package' infact its been 'Hyped' making you want, desire and more importantly remember, the advertisers have attached 'Values' that were not originally there.

We can come to accept that television has changed our perception; this medium has by its own perversion manipulated our vision of the world, and of the society that we live in. No longer do we have to read books, or travel to foreign lands, you can go there at a touch of a button. How this effect the 'Real' is open to argument, John Fiske (11) argues,

"In one hour's television viewing, one of us is likely to experience more images than a member on a non-industrial society would in a lifetime. The quantitative difference is so great as to become categorical […] we live in a postmodern period when there is no difference between the image and the other orders of experience".

Baudrillard certainly was not a Marxist; he suggested that this theory weighed heavily on production at the expense of consumption. He considered consumption in terms greater than simply those of an economic and materialistic ideology; the hidden agenda became apparent subtle nuances carefully selected, filtered in to the mind. Fredric Jameson (11) described postmodernism as 'the cultural logic of late capitalism', the very ideology acting as a framework to enable the modern consumer driven society to hang from. Certainly after the war the United States and then Europe became focused on the machine that was to become 'Consumerism' and television was the perfect tool. Jameson in his book 'Postmodernism' (11) writing in a neo-Marxist style used the ideas and values of the avant-garde and modernism, to codify consumerism. The attributes of one became the strengths of the other; the great icons of the modern age became nothing more than pawns to be manipulated, and hawked by the advertisers necessity to find the perfect angle or pitch. The object of which was not to sell the 'product' but to sell the idea, enable the viewer to dream, imagine and desire.

Television by its own evolution has transformed from a single concept into a multitude of diverse sub-groups, certainly in the post 160's era new and exciting influences were as work in the 'Electronic Village'.

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Though at no time until the late 170's early 180's did television and the information bulb really flower, with the explosion of computing and microelectronics television became the new 'buzz' word.

Almost at once open markets became available on a global level, and established cores of control weakened allowing commercialisation and decentralization. The 'Technological Age', new and exciting forms of communication accelerated this fragmentation, allowing new forms of discourse to be viewed. These new 'Kids' on the block were challenging television, i.e. Satellite, Cable and by the 10's saw the evolution of the Digital age and Interactive Television. These new commercially driven companies capitalised on this given freedom, no longer was television going to be used as a mechanism for social control. All of a sudden the world became a much smaller place, consequently all this competition lead to volatility which some argued resulted in 'Disorganised Capitalism'. Strongly debated by all the perception is a relative one, the format (Television) is highly adaptable, emotional, economically driven vehicle, that doesn't seem to be slowing down.

From the initial conception television has slowly and deliberately become the cornerstone of modern culture, something that was not lost on companies and advertisers. Commercials are commonplace, and almost get more attention than the programmes themselves; these segments of 'Life' are the key for consumerism. However with the diversification of TV, whole sub-groups have emerged right across the social cultural spectrum, television has become a targeted commodity, specific in its goal and determined in its path. Nowadays viewers are not faced with just a few channels, but hundreds covering every conceivable topic, like postmodernism in general the problem of 'difference' had become a perceived attitude. This diversity inside the new world enabled the viewer to interact by choice, something not available in the beginning.

The postmodernistic viewer is free to explore, question and ultimately except nothing or everything, which is seen, heard or offered. This position opens up the question; 'What type of person is the Postmodernistic Viewer?' Some would argue that all this choice results in a viewer 'decentred' in rational, who is only capable of a few short bursts of concentration at any given time, channel hopping the world unconcerned with the perception of time and place and the very content of programmes. This 'cherry-picking' results in a veneer of information only useful for quiz shows, or a few pints at the local.

Of course the alternative is just as postmodernistic, and arguably just as fallible as the first. This viewer is more informed, aware of the choices and costs, comfortable in those decisions, happily watching television in numerous environments and situations. And of being aware of the emotional and intellectual stimulus, evident in each given context. Instead of television controlling the environmental situation, the viewer has amalgamated the technology into their social and cultural existence.

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Were both types converge is not in ideology, but in the fact that TV, is still central in both environments. It might not be actually broadcasting, instead they could be watching a pre-recorded tape (VCR) or playing a video game, but more importantly central to both types is the necessity of the television in providing the required entertainment.

So were does this leave the viewer of the postmodernistic age, on the one hand it would seem a 'vegetable' to the alter of TV. Or a more rounded individual able to articulate on different levels about numerous subjects. This is indeed the age of television and more widely communications in general, with the explosion of this cultural icon from rigidity to great diversity. When taken alongside the postmodernistic euphoria that has become the new 'Enlightenment' period only goes to give society an understanding about the newage.

Multi-conceptual as television is it nearly falls flat on its face, offering so much can dilute what it has to offer, by this is meant that society undertakes to accept this 'discourse', but should not ultimately allow to become its slave, its arguable who really is the dominant species. Though it's the very facet of television that betrays life, the viewer can sit and plan their very existence on a daily, weekly and in some cases monthly bases.

Television has evolved alongside society this can be seen in many areas of the diversity that TV has to offer. Programmes have become more than just a 'timeslot' they have become an economic necessity, society can gorge its self on the 'table' of adverts that are laid at the viewers feet. These jewels of the modern culture are historical 'Rubik's cubes' offering in one sense a path to an answer, but in reality they only offer another problem, one of a blurred perception. History and culture are reunited in such a way as to enable the masses to readily accept a 'freeze dried' package of life.

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Snow White: Donald Barthelme

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What does every woman really want? Stability, companionship, love and adoration. Unfortunately for Snow White, the seven dwarfs fail to provide her with any of these needs. Not only do they lack these qualities, but also they persist in abusing Snow White. Men surround Snow White and instead of nurturing the one woman caretaker in their presence, they take advantage of her, use her, and brainwash her into believing her identity and existence must be defined by the dwarves.

The dwarves have essentially taken Snow White hostage. They have led her to believe that without them, she is can not sustain on her own. In a way, she needs them to use her. Their use and abuse of Snow White enables her to define who she is and what her role is in this world. When Snow White asks herself but who am I to love early in the book her admittance is that she does in fact love the dwarves in a way, but it wasnt enough. The passage goes on to say still, she was slightly ashamed (18). Snow White is ashamed because I think she knows she is in an unhealthy relationship and this is why she is embarrassed. One might ask, how can she not know this? But the dwarves have captivated her and it is her natural instinct to worship and love them-like a hostage falling in love with her captor, a bizarre phenomenon that really occurs.

Snow White is dissatisfied because what she wants most out of life and out of a man she thinks she has, except she does not want to admit that the dwarves, the abusive bastards, are the providers to her girlish desires. These girlish desires are extracted from Snow Whites innate ideology about the way things should be. The way things should be is that a young girl meets a charming prince and falls madly in love with him, only to marry, have children and live a long and happy life. This is the trite ideal that is embedded into girls minds at a young age. Ironically, this ideology transpires from the very fairy tales that the original Snow White comes from. It is no wonder that Barthleme emphasizes the absurdity of this genre of writing, and more importantly this stale ideology, in his own parody of sorts with Snow White.

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How effective are the first two chapters of Great expectations as the opening of a novel?

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How effective are the first two chapters of Great expectations as the opening of a novel?

At the beginning of a novel a reader needs to find out where and who the main character is and what they are doing there.

You would expect to find description of their surroundings and then what is going to happen in the story.

Great expectations does all of these in the first two chapters it firstly tells you Who the main character is and then it goes on to explain were pip is by describing his father's tombstone,

I gave Pirrip as my fathers name on authority of his tombstone.

Next it goes on to say how he lives with his sister who has married a blacksmith Mrs Joe Gargery, who married the blacksmith, his sister is not known as her name but by her husbands.

He next describes what he thinks his farther looked like by his tombstone, The shape of the letters on my fathers tombstone, gave me an odd idea that he was a square, stout, dark man, with curly black hair.

He also describes his mother, Also Georgia wife of the above, I drew a childish conclusion that my mother was freckled and sickly.

He also mentions his five brothers who had died early in their lives.

Then it describes where the graveyard is and where pips house is Ours is the marsh country, down by the river.

He starts the story with a convict threatening him, instantly grabbing the attention of the reader. Hold your noise, cried a terrible voice.

He goes on from this to describe what the convict looks like, a fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. He says how he looks very worn and tattered, smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles, and torn by briars, who limped, and shivered.

He sees the convict is hungry, the convict turns Pip upside-down to empty his pockets, he finds some bread and eats it but he is still hungry and he still has a chain on his leg after escaping the hulks.

So he tells pip to go home and to find him some more food and a file. You get me a file, and you get me wittles, you bring em both to me, or ill have your heart and liver out.

The convict also mentions another more violent convict that has escaped with him. There is a young man hid with me, in comparison with which I am an angel.

In chapter two we see that Pip was brought up by his sister with violence. She established a reputation with herself and the neighbours, because she had brought me up 'by hand'.

He goes on to describe Joe Gargary, Joe was a fair man, with curls of flaxen hair on each side of his smooth face, and with eyes of such a very undecided blue that they seemed to have some how got mixed with their own whites.

He describes Joe as a sort of Hercules in strength, and also in weakness. Meaning he was strong but good natured.

Joe warns Pip that Mrs Joe has went looking for him with tickler (a cane), Mrs Joe has been out a dozen times, looking for you Pip, and she's out now making it a bakers dozen, and what is worse, she's got tickler with her.

Pip hid behind the door hoping not to be found but Mrs Joe found him and 'tickled' him.

At tea Pip tries to sneak some bread and butter out down his trouser leg for the convict. I knew Mrs Joe's housekeeping to be of the strictest kind, and that my larcenous researches might find nothing available in the safe.

But Joe thinks Pip has eaten his bread very fast, I say you know! Muttered Joe, shaking his head at me in very serious remonstrance. Pip old chap you'll do yourself a mischief , it'll stick somewhere, you cant have chewed it pip.

For eating the bread fast Mrs Joe gave Pip tar water. Soon a gun was fired Ah' said Joe 'there's another convict off.

When Pip goes up to bed he thinks about the convict and his friend out in the cold. He also thinks he will end up in the hulks for stealing the file and the food. if I slept at all that night, it was only to imagine myself drifting down the river on a strong spring tide, to the hulks.

When Pip went down the stairs he imagined the floor boards calling after him and trying to wake up Mrs Joe. Every crack in every board, calling after me, 'stop thief!' and 'get up Mrs Joe'.

Pip finds a large savoury pork pie, some bread, rind of cheese, half a jar of mincemeat, a meat bone and a bottle of brandy, and finally gets a file and leaves the house.

Much later in the story the convict returns and pays to make Pip a gentleman, but he does not tell Pip it was him until later, and so Pip thinks Miss Havisham has paid for him to become a gentleman to go to London and marry her daughter Estella because they played as children.

I think this is a good start to a novel because it grabs the readers attention by putting it in the first person so it seems like the story has happened and makes the reader feel sorry for Pip.

It also uses action to get the readers attention with the convict threatening pip and then turning him upside-down to empty his pockets .

He uses comical language but he is also being serious an example of this is She almost always wore a coarse apron, why is she did it at all she should not have taken it off, everyday of her life.

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Structure in "Manifesto", by Rubén Martínez

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Structure in "Manifesto", by Rub'n Martínez

This poem, written by Rub'n Martínez, is called Manifesto in allusion to the Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx, in which the Communist ideas were stated. Here, Rub'n Martínez states his ideas about racism and discrimination in the U.S, more precisely in the state of California, and all over the First World countries.

The poem begins with a question ("Can anyone tell me what time it is?") which is repeated all through the text and which is answered in the sixth stanza ("Third World in the First"). What he is actually asking is "What's going on?" in those places he is mentioning , where several things happen at the same time.

In the first three stanzas, he describes the history and the political and social aspects of Latin America and of the immigrants who are now living in the U.S. These people speak different languages but communicate with each other in English. Their customs and beliefs are not at all accepted in this violent society ("...where Third World kids etch the walls with a message clear as Civil War") and they are sometimes discriminated against. A lot of countries around the world suffer from poverty. They constitute the Third World. In these countries you may find people who want changes, such as in El Salvador, where there is the Farabundo Marti National Liberation (FMLN) which is a leftist group against the government. And their "ideas" are also found in the U.S because of the immigrants, who also want changes to take place here and everywhere, as they want to be accepted and treated with respect.

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In stanzas three and four, Rub'n Martínez points out the union of all races ("...crossing every border for ever held sacred") and their preparation for "war" against injustice and discrimination ("But it's live ammunition on the streets of Southcentral L.A") This does not mean they are going to use violence to fight against this injustice, they will fight in some other way. This is why I wrote "war" in inverted commas.

The "war" finally begins ("This is war", "Third world in the First...") and there will be "battles" whenever Third World people get face to face with First World people. Latin Americans and all other immigrants and poor people will fight for their rights, for being respected and for their cultures to be respected.

In the seventh stanza, the author talks about what the consequences of this war should be a Fourth World should arise. By Fourth World he means a world without poverty, violence, discrimination, injustice, racism, where we are all the same ("see how gringo and how indigena and how black and asian we all are"). But this is an utopia, because he is describing a perfect world.

Finally, he states that this "war" seems to be never-ending, that these problems shall remain. But he tells you that you should keep on "fighting" ("choose your weapons") for your ideas and rights. The last line in this stanza means that we are all living together, but we should be careful when we shoot ("So careful how you shoot") because we may shoot one of ourselves.

Please note that this sample paper on Structure in "Manifesto", by Rubén Martínez is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Structure in "Manifesto", by Rubén Martínez, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college papers on Structure in "Manifesto", by Rubén Martínez will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Ancient civilization

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on ancient civilization. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality ancient civilization paper right on time.

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Two Ancient Civilizations, the Greek and the Roman, have profoundly influenced the modern cultures that we are part of today. Greece, otherwise known as the birthplace of Western civilization, had a great time span starting from the Early Bronze Age of 000 BC all the way to the Hellenistic period up to about 0 BC. On the other hand is the civilization of Rome-which name is derived from the Greek word meaning strength and vigor- and rightfully so because the civilization covered a majestic 7 centuries. Both civilizations shared many similarities, especially in the fact that the Greeks heavily influenced the Romans. However, each civilization had its own take on life and the life of its citizens resulting in different social values and cultural practices.

In this world, few people have attached such significance to the essence of physical beauty as the Greeks. No wonder in the Greek arts we can see that beauty and perfection were quite an essential part in the Greek frame of mind. Looking at Greece in the context of its entire civilization, it heavily emphasized both athletic ability and physical beauty.

The Greek adoration for the human physique found many outlets that helped them portray such ideas. Greek art, especially sculpture, gave them the power of almost unlimited expression. By observing many of the sculptures that remain with us today from the times of Ancient Greece, their civilization can be accredited with being the first civilization to centralize the human body as the primary object of artistic expression. The demand for physical beauty in the Greek culture came about mainly from their religious beliefs. The Greek religion composed primarily of Zeus, the father and king of the Gods, as well as many other deities whom were either brothers or sisters of Zeus or his children. The main aspects of the Greek religion did not have much to do with a system of belief but instead the focus was more on taking action to please the gods. What really mattered to the Greek people was to secure the goodwill of the gods so that in return they can benefit from all of their worshipping. The Greeks were not preoccupied with the future life that comes after death, but instead their objective was to secure a good life while they were living it; people living in the now, and not thinking ahead about later. Since the influences of the Gods were so strong and because the gods were seen as perfection in every sense of the word, the Greeks modeled many art forms after their gods.

The Greeks emphasized physical beauty, but this did not include both sexes. It is with the male body that provided inspiration to create fully three-dimensional figures; and with time to advance, the sculptures became more and more realistic to the natural sense. The two subjects that kept the sculptors preoccupied were the statues of the standing nude male and the fully clothed female. A good example of this is the early sculpture of the Anavyssos Kouros in which a nude male is standing upright with his body portrayed, as he would appear in the natural world. As time went on and the art of sculpting advanced tremendously, the Greeks were able to define their work in the belief that every single detail is important. The bronze statue of Poseidon hurling a thunderbolt is a classic example of modeling their ideals of perfection after their beloved gods. In this sculpture, the muscles are more intensified and the action of the statue basically speaks for itself. The evolution of Greek art from representing how things are seen naturally transformed into the emphasis on how things should be. To the Greeks, the ideal rests in physical beauty and striving for perfection.

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No less important to the ideas of physical beauty were the Greek emphasis on athletic abilities. As a matter of fact, the idea of physical beauty went hand-in-hand with athletic ability because physical beauty could be achieved through keeping fit and participating in sporting events. Participating in competitive athletics was one of the ways the entire Greek civilization found itself a sense of cultural unity. Though there were probably hundreds of more local athletic festivals within the city-states, four major pan Hellenic games attracted athletes from all over the Greek world. Two of these were the Nemean and Olympic games, both of which are held in honor of the mightiest of the gods Zeus. The other two of the four major games were the Isthmian Games, held in honor for Poseidon and the Pythian games, which were held to worship the Sun God Apollo. It is from these athletic competitions that we have our modern Olympics today; still with many of the same rules that apply like having it take place once every four years. Winning was so important to the competitors that they would pray "either for the wreath or for death." When the games would come to an end in the fifth and final day, the ultimate prize of the olive wreaths were only awarded to those whom were victorious. There were no consolation prizes for those finishing second or third. The Greeks were so supportive of the victors that their own cities and fellow citizens usually treated them lavishly once they returned home from the games. From the Ancient Olympic games, we can see that athletic ability had no less significance than physical beauty because both ideals were equally emphasized in the Greek culture.

In the other direction, the Romans left a legacy for encouraging its people to be good and dutiful citizens. Instead of looking at things in an idealist approach, the Romans focused their attention more on systematic and practical approaches. It is with the Roman culture that we start to see the effective use of critical thinking and logic in order to accomplish goals expediently. With the time of the Roman Empire, only a practical framework would be suitable because of the stable upper class patricians compared to the continually growing lower class Plebeians. In a situation like this, only a system of law that requires a minimum level of participation is beneficial because it makes each individual feel as though they had to some extent a right to govern. It is quite obvious that the more aristocratic wealthy Romans had richer opportunities and had more ways and means. But the way the Romans set up their structure of law, it made it that all Romans wanted to take part in what is their culture. Due to the introduction of self-governing, just having Roman citizenship meant that there was an obligation to show some public display of participation. In the minds of the individual Roman citizen, being patriotic and partaking in a system that requires each single individual is the ultimate idea of success.

The Republic had a lot of heavy control on the everyday lives of its citizens but to what extent did the state interfere with the private lives? The State issued many different laws and the three main branches were the civil laws there were held in common by all the people in Rome, the Law of the People, and Natural law which basically means that you were naturally born into an existing law; the basic idea that it just exists. Like the Greeks that had all the ideas of athletic competitions and physical beauty, the Romans' everyday life was constantly being fueled by the political arena surrounding them. Even in modern times, whatever is the ideal to the mainstream of people and their actions towards this has a heavy influence on others. This kind of effect causes something like a chain reaction that makes each citizen not want to be any part of the minority of people that were not active in politics.

The basis for the Roman government was established because the people of Rome believed in an imperium, which meant that there had to be some sort of authority overlooking the people. Since the ideas of patriotism were so widespread, many of the duties that the Roman citizens were urged to partake in was the military. A strong military is greatly required during such times especially when the Roman intent was to set out and deliberately conquer new territory. The Roman Empire had a talent for planning and organizing, which is clearly shown by their extreme military power. The State was able to consolidate their standing army into an equipped striking force that made up of men carrying javelins and swords. The Roman military was able to move around quickly and proficiently, resembling a well-disciplined war machine. All these great achievements could not have been realized unless the people of Rome did not volunteer their time and effort into defending and fighting for the Republic. Many times the men would go into service with the thought that they are being promised post-war benefits and opportunities. The way the system of government works in the Roman Empire, it creates an atmosphere more directed toward simplicity and pragmatic approaches. The basic principle behind the Roman approach to political ideology is that if every single individual plays an active role in government and strive to understand everything that is going on around them, it should result in the general populous being content and satisfied with their lives.

On one end of the spectrum, the Roman idea is the push for their citizens to be good and dutiful. The other side of the thought spectrum, the Greek lived life with their emphasis on physical beauty and superb athletic abilities. The Greeks were very idealistic as a culture and used more theory in their approaches. The Romans are known to be a culture of realists whom look passed theoretical ideas in favor of more logical and systematical methodology. In my opinion, I think it is the Roman approach that has a higher possibility of a successful outcome within the relationship between the State and its people.

The Greek virtues behind athletic ability and physical beauty are quite unique and fascinating because it was a way for the entire community to be united under one universal ideology that attempts for perfection. However, I don't think that the Greek emphasis on those two aspects produces a system of government that is stable. Instead, the Roman practical approach serves a better ideology that first started out the whole idea of the Republic. The Roman approach is much more beneficial because they have left a groundwork for future civilizations and empires to strive for because even our U.S. Government got its democratic foundation from the Roman emphasis on civic duty. The U.S. Government, with our basic ideas coming from the Roman achievements in politics, is the longest standing written Constitution that exists to this day. It is amazing to think that over the past 00 years that our Government is still standing strong under a written Constitution that is under 4,000 words long. If it were not for the Romans, I don't think we would be in the status that America is in the world, and so that is why I believe that the approach that Rome took was better.

Works Cited

Crook, John Anthony. Law and Life of Rome. New York Cornell University Press, 167.

Garland, Robert. Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks. London Green Wood Press, 18.

Garnsey, Peter. Social Status And Legal Privilege In The Roman Empire. London Oxford University Press, 170.

Lamm, Robert. The Humanities In Western Culture. Hong Kong McGraw-Hill Companies, 16.

Pomeroy, Sarah and Stanley Burstein, Walter Donlan, and Jennifer Roberts. Ancient Greece A Political, Social, and Cultural History. London Oxford University Press, 1.

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