Globalization at Parker Pen Company

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1. Distinguish between a global and a multi-domestic strategy [6]

The two strategies mentioned are what could be referred to as a businesses core proposal. Before they can determine pricing strategies, channels of distributions and marketing analysis the key players in a business need to identify whether to stay in their country, or move to a macro playing field.

To further emphasize on those points, the global and multi-domestic aspects will be broken down into two separate fields. Globalization on the international economic front pays reference to the process in which there is both an increase in world market share in both goods and services, and furthermore an increase in the integration in the world's capital market. Here, you diverge from the local arena onto an international front. In turn, globalization has been linked with the cause of the rapid growth in world trade and economic growth. To tie certain concepts with the issues of Parker Pen, they superficially took their image as the driving force on their global escapade. With their "Make Your Mark with Parker" logo, standardized typeface, logo and design. This therefore proposed the idea to the consumers that Parker Pen was viewed similarly worldwide.

Multi-Domesticity tends to centre on the individual country and market themselves as opposed to homogenizing their image and products, companies adjust their strategies to best suit the various markets at hand and so too correspond to the difference in consumers needs and wants. Parker Pen did this in respect to the relevance of France and Italy, here expensive fountain pens were the catalytic approaches, where as in Scandinavia, a lower illustration was adopted with respect to the ballpoint pen being their primary scheme.

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. What challenges does a business face when it decides to market its product internationally? [0]

When altering your median of marketing, whether it is domestically, nationally, regionally or globally many impediments with either hinder or facilitate your reposition. Much like life itself, each decision and choice we make comes with significant pros and cons, however the latter at times seems to foreshadow the first. Many reasons cause a business to encumber or re-think its move, and in this instance and when other businesses choose to digress to a universal arena, these are the crucial factors that come into play.

Legalities and the Governments Indeed, there are many trade and foreign policies that countries and companies alike are subjected to and may be forced to comply with. For example, Japan's closed-door policy caused may business to seek other opportunities elsewhere. Furthermore, the trade barriers and restrictions that could be cast upon you may disallow you to progress rapidly. Governments may not be partial to the idea of opening its trade doors to an overseas company, so in turn may take a bias against the firm. Additionally, there would be a distinct lack of appreciation if it caused a rupture in the domestic market and domestic businesses. As noted in China where the resident businesses went through losses and a native economic recession due to the entrance of international corporations.

Competition When 'going international' you are put under direct competition with the more familiar local firms that are already well established in their given countries. With the concrete fundamentals already laid, many local businesses have loyal customers and perhaps secure contacts. As seen with Parker Pen, their product was lined up in a direct competitive comparison when the "Japanese had started making inexpensive disposable pens."

Language, Social and Cultural Barriers - For the reason that you are not in your homeland, you need to adapt to the ways and means of your new consumers. Firstly, in order to do business with them you need to speak their language and learn their styles, previously Fedders air-conditioning company found this to be a necessity in China in order to interact with one another. Your advertising campaigns and methods of distribution need to carefully selected when entering a new country, as you will constantly be under a direct spotlight. For example, the revelations of women would in no respect be appropriate in a Pro Muslim society, thus coercing you to re-adapt. What may be a joke and turn on to you is equally another mans demise and aversion.

Ethics The moral principles here need to under-pin the decision making process, tying hand in hand with the previous point, decisions in a foreign country need to be made on ethics even if it means overlooking the most profitable solution if it indeed favours and benefits society. 'An ethical decision is what is morally right, it is not a matter of scientific calculation.' Moreover one must ensure that he is selling his product and brand, and not his country and their religion and try and appear to adopt a missionary like stature via 'cultural exports.' Fortunately enough Parker Pen didn't encounter this problem, because although fairly subtle, the question of ethics can indeed crumble a large-scale corporation if it is not practiced appropriately.

Human Resources Who are you to employ? Who are your manufacturers, suppliers and distributors? How much do you pay? These are all key uncertainties that are addressed. In respect to labour, are you to hire more skilled workers and more unskilled and to what extent is it apposite to bring your own workforce.

Communication With the difference in time zones and medial equipment, interaction between the headquarters and the foreign offices are very difficult to maintain. In a centralized system this would be evidently problematical, by calling at 5pm your time you may be waking up the CEO at 5am his time. Also, the idea of language differences comes into play again, where you may read left to right, others read right to left. Communication problems amongst the locals could arise and thus affect the business, as it wouldn't have the ability to address the situation because of the language restrictions at hand.

Production, Distribution and Infrastructure If you were to re-locate to a less developed country the concept of infrastructure would be an immediate concern because with the lack of a durable infrastructure comes a lack of safety. As well, where would it be most advantageous to set up your offices and factories in terms of location, and where could your distributional point reach its climax. Inevitably one may need to situate itself in the midst of the bulk majority of people, yet have its factory in the industrial outskirts of the city, like Shanghai for example.

Technology Again, the notions of developments and advancements come into play when going international. Because in today's modern world, one cannot progress successfully if its realm doesn't allow them to do so on the technological front.

Financial Costs & Economic Standpoint Firstly by adopting a multi-domestic strategy, one would have to scout and research each individual country and various consumer markets, which does add up as a great and significant financial cost. Moreover, currency problems could arise which would then stem to form conversion problems, "Parker Pen into a false security… about 80% of the company's sales were abroad, which mean that when local currency profits were translated into dollars, big profits were recorded." The economical shape of the country may mount to serious concerns because if it was a nd or rd developed country for example, the bulk share of people wouldn't be able to afford an expensive product, Parker Pen. Therefore it reduces and limits your market segment.

. Distinguish between centralization & decentralization [4]

Centralization is drawing decision-making powers from the local or lower-level parts of the organization, and concentrating them within the head office or centre. The advantages here is that it provides a consistent level of policies throughout the firm and it ensures quick decision making processes. However it reduces the input of the day-to-day experts and becomes heavily reliant on the executives, also it bears the risk of demoralizing managers who could have the ability to feel powerless and un-trusted.

Decentralization is the devolving power from the head office to the local branches/divisions. It involves passing authority down the ranks, delegation. Here, it empowers local managers and encourages them and heightens their motivational levels and so too does it reduce to day-to-day volume of communication. Conversely, the break in uniformity may strike consumers unsettlement and the local managers intuition may conflict with the head office, who's position is to measure the success of the product and sales mixes.

4. What primary and secondary data could Parker Pen collect to help this decision making process? [6]

Primary research is the gathering of first-hand data that is tailor-made to fit a firm's own products, customers and markets. Parker Pens could've conducted interviews or questionnaires to see how much of the population were willing to purchase high priced pens at a given budget, similarly how many would buy lower priced pens. By doing this it provides them with a public consensual perspective on their company, and assists them to create a forecast of possible sales. Although the primary research is limited, the secondary research could prove to be more constructive. Secondary research is the gathering of information from second-hand sources (books etc…). Parker Pen could check their previous accounts to see which of their pens was selling well and which weren't. They could indeed observe other companies accounts which would provide them of the successes and failures in their divisions, therefore combining it with the knowledge they obtained from their own company it would permit them to generalize the consumers preferences. In doing so it could inevitably allow them in predicting market trends and sizes.

5. What market segments exist in the pen market? [6]

Market segmentation is the analysis of a market, which identifies the different types of consumer. Thus by matching the consumer categories with the products on offer, market niches may emerge.

Demographically the pen market would be subjected to the various age groups and social classes. Parker Pen attempted to identify these and spread their product across the spectrum by having ballpoint pens for the young and lower classes, to the fountain pens for the older, upper class generations.

Psychographically there are no distinct attitudes or tastes when pens are concerned, however by having various agencies it allows the pen industry (in this case Parker) a greater and deeper understanding to what may be classed as a trendy or staid look. In respect to the demographics and psychographics, the pen market spreads across the whole spectrum of ages and designs. The final segment that may exist in terms of market is that which is relative to the Geographic's of the pen. The ideals of global and multi-domestic arise here where the region of sales needs to be considered. Pens are sold worldwide.

6. What went wrong at Parker Pen? [0]

Parker Pens unsuccessful attempts at a corporate restructuring failed for numerous reasons that spin together to form a web of consistent confusion that arose from the 160's till the mid 180's.

It began with the perplexity of the currency situation they found themselves in and the fact that they were so heavily dependent on sales abroad. Due to this they had the initial misconception of big profits when the local currencies were converted. Furthermore, as time progressed and as the dollar's value soared, Parker lost even more profits and so too did it lose a bulk of its market share. Hand in hand with the uprising of high end fliers such as A.T. Cross and Montblanc resulted in them losing even greater market stakes. At this point in time one could label Parker Pen as being a 'problem child,' or even to the extent of a 'dog' due to the fact that they lost such a large share, in a consistent market. Moving on, they faced extensive tribulations on the production and manufacturing elements of their escapade. With the continual breakdown of their $15 million plant, it not only would've caused lapses in production but also affected the machines drastically, all the way from the structure of the machine, down to its very gears. This proved evident as its "costs soared and the factory turned out defective products in unacceptable numbers." These issues would've stemmed from the naivety and negligence of not fully researching the technical aspects of producing new pens, and if they had done so it would've increased to number of sellable pens and in turn reduced their costs. Another concern originated from the management themselves and the inter-relationships between the subsidiaries and the scheme of having 4 different advertising agencies. Peterson immediately cut one of the most profitable subsidiaries, and then by bringing in a further three managers caused even greater lengths of tension of conflict. With the core concept of centralization being adopted and accepted, it placed further pressure onto an already delicate situation. It resulted in being the 'one world, one brand, one advertisement' ideal versus the 'Make Your Mark' approach.

However the greatest contributing factor to Parker Pens loss was fanned from the idea to go global, and abandoning its familiar high rated market. Many consumers and distributors alike disagreed with the globalization strategy because they felt that Parker Pen could not be viewed at a consistent level throughout the world because it hadn't yet stamped its reputation. On the contrary they should've embraced a multi-domestic policy and altered its worldwide markets progressively yet simultaneously keeping the core concepts of the company, which were the logos and images. Directly related to their adolescent attitude, Parker Pen ended up diluting the very image they were trying to sustain and uphold. By focusing on low-end products it resulted it losing its stature as an opulent brand, which thus caused an ultimate loss of $ million in the United States alone. Paying reference to the Ansoff Matrix this time, Parker Pen should've concentrated on developing or penetrating their market in order to regain their market share, this could've been achieved by new advertising campaigns or newer, classier pens. However they took the product development into mind but endeavored in diving into low-range products, in a lower range market.

The final straw and consequential factor was that their group marketing team were either sacked or had resigned by January 185.

7. Why has globalization increased in the last 10-0 years? [8]

Globalization has been credited with the improvements in peoples standards of living, and so too has it increased the power of the multinationals. Some of the growth in trade has evolved as a result of efforts to make trade easier through the trade negotiations of the World Trade Organisation. Although this has only escalated over the past couple of decades, each country and company alike assisted in the eventual progression to a successful trading arena. Firstly businesses began to become more analytical and critical of the paths to profit they had accepted, and in turn took different routes. They progressed from a domestical front, to a national, then regional and eventually global. There were no drastic leaps and bounds. In doing so, countries reduced the barriers and restrictions of trading and hence lowered it tax and tariff levels, which permitted companies' easier access to operate. With that in mind, the cost of communication nowadays is far faster and cheaper than it used to be, and along with the fact that we have a various spread of communiqu's increases financial efficiency (asset turnover) within a business. Moreover, labour and production efficiencies are augmented because of the huge benefits of economies of scale that are on offer. At the present we look to specialists and the division of work, with the concepts of delegation and the greater spreads of the chains of commands being practiced. In terms of technical economies, such is the use of automated equipment where we find it to be more cost effective than sole manual labour. Although this is only apparent though when the fixed costs of the machine can be spread over the units of output. Bulk buying and obtaining supplies at lower unit costs therefore cuts variable costs allows us to gain from purchasing economies. Finally we are able to capitalize on financial economies of scale which stem from the lower costs of capital charged to large firms. Banks are now charging lower rates of interest, and investors are more open to and willing to accept dividend yields. Which is due to the fact that bigger firms are more diversified and less vulnerable to liquidation.

External economies are the advantages of scale the benefit the whole industry that gives far greater incentive for companies to perform them regularly. With all the given factors added up, the resultant product is a pacey yet progressive economy that spreads through much of the world via inter-relationships and globalization

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Im Clone

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There was a point in time where kingdoms were the all powerful voice, kingdoms like the Roman Empire. Times changed and it became countries like Russia or the United States. Now times have changed once again although we still have laws and regulations that are enforced with countries businesses, companies and corporations have the international voice now. Especially here in the U.S. where even the sky is not a limit for a business to expand. It is because of this that people look up to corporations to see how they are doing and what they have to say. The problem is that people run businesses. People are not perfect, even if they are big CEO's.

Martha Stewart is one of these CEO's that in recent times has run into problems. She is the CEO of the company she created Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. worth as of June 00, $6. It consists of a multi-platform franchise, which includes a TV show, her magazine, a variety of retail endeavors such as bed sheets, garden tools, etc., website and books. "Martha Stewart is America's domestic goddess, offering the last word on everything from serving a dinner for 80 to growing peas". Stewart was viewed as "the housewife to die for". Everyone wanted more of her and her products. She is a success story to many especially women. She can be compared and in some ways even surpass Opera. Her success has called the attention of more publishers, business partners and consumers.

Early in the year Stewart had a considerable amount of stock in a company called Imclone Systems Inc. A day before the company publicly announced that regulators had rejected its cancer drug; Erbitux Stewart sold her stock in that company. On June 1, 00 Martha Stewart was charged with illegal trading on inside information. Whether this is true or not is still being investigated. I cannot make a judgment on which no one has the full details. In this country it is innocent until proven guilty yet this allegation has created a great repercussion on Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. Stewart says that she started selling when she saw that the family of Imclone were selling. If she did commit this "crime" then she is fully responsible for her actions and the outcome of them. If she did not use inside information to trade then she might as well have because the result would have been the same either way.

Her company has suffered create loses. Her stock value has diminished as much as 5% percent in the first month of the investigation. People were scared of the scandal and quickly moving away to prevent there stock to become another penny stock company like Enron. This makes the stock value to lower more and more. Over the next few months Stewart found herself defending her image by all means including investing in advertising with a new commercial and making public appearances. Her image is the only thing that can save her company. Was once her strong hold is now her vulnerability.

Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. although is not what it used to be does not seem to be going under. Maybe we can attribute this to the way the company dealing with the scandal. They carry on like there is no problem. No major partnerships have been broken. Maybe this is because if the other companies such as Kmart were to break away they would suffer even more loses. Kmart and other companies have become reliant on the sales they make off of Martha's products.

It certainly seems like this CEO will beat these turbulent times and move on, even thought they have considered removing her from being the CEO. In my opinion there are going to be fewer and fewer companies that are based on one celebrity. What would happen if she got hurt or unable to carry on in regular business? We cannot rely on any one person because no one is perfect and we all make mistakes along the way.

Empire not much affected, yet, by cloud over Martha Stewart

The New York Times

June 5,00

Leslie Kaufman

Pushy, Nasty -- so very Martha

The Times (London)

June 6, 00

Christopher Byron

Martha Stewart's insider trading continues

MSNBC

August 6, 00

Dan Abrams

Is this the bottom of the rose?

USA Today

September ,00

Maria Puente

Martha and Kmart hold fast, for now

The New York Times

October , 00

Constance L. Hays

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The "Prophets"

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The "Prophets"

1. There are both clear differences and similarities in the ways that the four prophets Moses, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Amos experienced God. One similarity that exists between the stories of Moses and Isaiah is that they both saw angels or "seraphim." Another similarity between their two stories is the fact that they both directly heard the voice of God speaking to them. This is also true in the story of Jeremiah. It is not written how exactly Amos experienced God in his prophecies. In fact, very little is written about the prophecies of Amos. In one English translation it is written that Amos "saw visions concerning Israel." There is much left up to interpretation concerning the story of Amos and how he actually experienced God.

Both Moses and Jeremiah seemed to question God's decision of appointing them prophets or messengers. However, Isaiah seems to be enthusiastic about being a prophet and says to the angel of God "Here I am! Send me! (as a prophet)." In Jeremiah's story, he is told that he was selected by God to be a prophet even before he was born. This is unique to his story and no other prophet is told the same thing.

. The most obvious difference between the stories of the four biblical prophets and that of Martin Luther King Jr.'s is that whereas the biblical prophets heard the voice of their God or Yahweh as it is commonly referred to, King Jr. heard the voice of Jesus. Besides this large difference there are not many others. The stories are all similar for the most part and most of the "prophecies" also came at times of despair or struggle.

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I do not wish to prove that Martin Luther King Jr. did not hear the voice of Jesus just as I do not wish to prove that he did. I do not think it even matters whether or not he actually heard the voice of God. What matters is that the man performed great, admirable, and inspiring feats. In this sense, King did act as a prophet since he served as a messenger of what is right and true, a leader, and even a savior.

Just so it can be noted and to fully answer the question To be honest, I do not believe that King truly heard the voice of Jesus or any God for that matter. Although it involved another entire discussion, I do not believe that God "talks to" or gives visions to human beings. However, I do believe in a God and that God is inside each and every human being. Martin Luther King Jr. was able to find the God within himself and perform wonders.

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Cloning

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The rapid development of the technology for cloning has led to moral debates around the world on whether or not to ban creating human clones. With the advancement of clone technology two states, California and Michigan have already banned the cloning of humans. Everybody who thought it would proceed slowly and could be stopped was wrong, said Lee Silver, a professor from the University of Princeton (McFarling 1) . . . Without proper research on behalf of the politicians of California and Michigan, the premature ban should be reconsidered and appealed. Cloning could provide a way for infertile couples to produce children genetically similar to themselves, a method of creating spare organs for transplants, and a cure for genetic disease. Human cloning may provide numerous benefits to mankind and should not be banned.

Cloning is the Creation of another person that is an exact copy of another person (Clarke 1); this leaves too much to the imagination and leads to misunderstanding of the methods scientists use in cloning. In more clear terms, cloning is the process in which DNA of a female egg is replaced with different DNA from another cell. This process is referred to as the Nuclear Transfer or Nuclear Substitution. DNA molecules are the strings of protein that hold genetic coding. In this operation, the nucleus, which is the part of the cell that contains the DNA, are carefully removed from an unfertilized female egg then replaced with the DNA from the cell of another person (Harris 4). The egg with the DNA from another person is then manipulated into believing it has been fertilized and is implanted into the womb of the mother just as is done in the process of vitro fertilization. Afterwards the fetus develops and is born after nine months, just like a natural baby (Dumesic 1). What this means is that the clone shares only the same DNA as the person from which it was cloned. It shares none of the same memories, knows none of the same people, and it will experience completely different things. The clone is like a much younger identical twin. The person and the clone of the person share the same genetic structure, which means the clone will look the exact same as the original. Studies have shown that identical twins who are raised apart often share similar personalities and intelligence, even though possessed of entirely different experience and background (Vere ).

A mixture between two peoples genetic structure could provide a way for infertile couples or homosexual couples with a way to create a genetically related child. There are many couples in the world of which one of the partners is unable to naturally donate his/her genes for the purpose of procreation. Only through cloning technology will they be able to give birth to a child that is related to them genetically. Ensuring that the families genes are passed on to future generations would be more appealing to parents than adoption or using sperm and eggs from an unrelated donor. In late 17 Richard Seed announced that he would attempt to create a child using cloning technology, and his post menopausal wife would be carrying the child. Seed, with no medical credentials or funding, is not expected to succeed (McFarling ) . . .

It is possible to create a full human being by cloning, but the clone does not have to develop into a full human. Inhibitors can be injected into a growing clone so that only certain organs will be produced. This process does not require a mother to carry the child for months, and can be done in a laboratory petri dish. This gives doctors a way to create spare parts to be used in transplants. The major problems with transplants today are organ rejections; it is important to find a donor that matches certain criteria so that the immune system does not destroy the organ. For example, a liver can be grown outside the body using the patients own DNA and used in a transplant without fear of rejection. This will eliminate the need for anti-rejection drugs and provide for a healthier recovery (Nash 1). Simple tissues such as skin cells have already been cloned in laboratories for use in skin grafts for burn victims. Other things that have been cloned include blood clotting factors for hemophiliacs, and plans to create specialized nerve cells to repair brain damage have begun (McFarling &).

Another possible medical advance that could be developed further through cloning research is the early diagnosis and even the curing of genetic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. A method called gene therapy is being developed by where a solution is injected into the patient; Once inside, the solution alters the area of the DNA where the disease is and fixes the problem (Blaese 1). Diabetes is a disease in which the cells cannot accept sugars from the blood without the help of insulin from either injection or oral pills. Diabetics could undergo gene therapy, and insulin could start being produced naturally again. Other products that are needed by humans, could be artificially produced by animals through cloning and genetic engineering. Genes from humans that produce necessary proteins, for example, could be included in the animal DNA so that the animal would produce that protein in its milk or blood. The protein could then be extracted and used in human treatments for various diseases or disorders (Dumesic ).

This could also lead to a prevention and or cure for AIDS and cancer. A few people have successfully continued to live with AIDS or cancer, and in some cases the disease has gone away. Part of their genetic structure has strengthened the immune system to the point that it rids the body of these diseases. Their genes could be used in gene therapy, and help to strengthen peoples immune systems so they too can rid their bodies of these diseases.

Genetic defects could also be cured with cloning technology. A genetic defect is a mutation in which the DNA has been altered and caused an abnormality in the body. People who wish to have a child, could be tested for possible mutations in the DNA, and a genetic solution could be created and injected into the still developing egg (Blaese 1). Mutations are natural, but when it causes an abnormality it is a hard thing for a person to live with. Through cloning technology, genetic defects could be treated to the point where the person affected could live a normal life.

The call for the ban of human cloning has been premature in the development of the procedure. The benefits of cloning are innumerable to the medical field and could revolutionize potentially fatal procedures. Humankind could benefit greatly from this new technology, and it should not be banned. If God was the original cloner when he created Eve from Adams rib, and Jesus was a clone of god. If we are wrong in cloning, would not God also be?

Please note that this sample paper on cloning is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on cloning, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on cloning will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Rates of reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium sulphate

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The rate of a chemical reaction is the amount of reactant used up, or product made, in a given time. Do not use the words speed or how fast. The rate of a reaction can be measured in one of two general ways.

Here the reaction is started and timed until it is finished. Each experiment produces one reading. No readings are taken during the reaction.

e.g. Reaction between sodium thiosulphate and dilute acid

NaSO(aq) + HCl(aq) -- S(s) + SO(g) + NaCl(aq) + HO(l)

Help with essay on Rates of reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium sulphate Here the reaction is started and timed until it is finished. Each experiment produces one reading. No readings are taken during the reaction.

e.g. Reaction between sodium thiosulphate and dilute acid

NaSO(aq) + HCl(aq) -- S(s) + SO(g) + NaCl(aq) + HO(l)

Here the reaction is started and timed until it is finished. Each experiment produces one reading. No readings are taken during the reaction.

e.g. Reaction between sodium thiosulphate and dilute acid

NaSO(aq) + HCl(aq) -- S(s) + SO(g) + NaCl(aq) + HO(l)

When certain a solid is added to a solution of hydrogen peroxide in water, it makes the hydrogen peroxide break down into water and oxygen gas much faster then it would on its own. This is a decomposition reaction. The solid is acting as a catalyst

HO(aq)

HO(l)

+

O(g)

hydrogen peroxide

solution

solid

catalyst

water

oxygen

You could prove that the gas given of was

oxygen, by collecting it in a tube. You then

light a wooden splint.

You then blow the flame out so that is

glowing red and then put it into the tube.

The splint should relight if the gas in the

tube is oxygen.

if it does not relight, it is not oxygen!

When you choose a run, the solid is added to the flask containing the hydrogen peroxide solution. After a short time, the reaction starts and you will see the reading on a gas syringe change as the oxygen gas is formed. The experiment has been speeded up so that you dont have to wait as long as you normally would!

You need to record the time that has passed and the volume of oxygen gas which has been formed, so you had better have a results table ready!

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Friend

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People grow and develop at different rates. The factors that heavily influence a persons development are heredity and environment. The people you meet and the experiences you have are very important in what makes a person who he/she is. Janie develops as a woman with the three marriages she has. In each marriage she learns valuable lessons, has progressively better relationships, and realizes how a person is to live his/her life. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, Janies marriages to Logan Killicks, Jody Starks, and Tea Cake are the most crucial elements in her development as a woman.

Janies marriage to Logan Killicks was the first stage in her development as a woman. She hoped that her forced marriage with Logan would end her loneliness and desire for love. Right from the beginning, the loneliness in the marriage shows up when Janie sees that his house is a lonesome place like a stump in the middle of the woods where nobody had ever been (0). This description of Logans house is symbolic of the relationship they have. Janie eventually admits to Nanny that she still does not love Logan and cannot find anything to love about him. She knew now that marriage did not make love. Janies first dream was dead, so she became a woman (4). Janies prayer is her final plea for a change in her life. She says Lawd, you know mah heart. Ah done de best Ah could do. De rest is left to you ().

Janies prayer is answered with her next husband, Jody Starks. He is the man who fills the voids of loneliness and love, and continues her development as a woman. When they first met, Janie was convinced that Jody believed she was a very special person because of the compliments he gave her. For two weeks, before they married, they talked and Janie believed that Jody spoke for change and chance (8). The problem Janie had with Jody was that he did not treat her as equal. He would not let her speak in front of people, teach her to play checkers, or participate in other events. Janie notices the problem early in the relationship and confronts Jody about it when she says it jus looks lak it keeps us in some way we aint natural wid one nother. Youse always off talkin and fixin things, and Ah feels lak Ahm jus markin time. Hope it soon gits over (4). Janie realizes that she cannot be open with Jody and that he is not the same man she ran off with to marry. Jody has many of his own interests, and none of them are concerned with Janie. She found out that she had a host of thoughts she had never expressed to him ... She was saving up feelings for some man that she had never seen (68). Jody only gave material goods to Janie. She knew she was missing something in her life, and that is how she realizes the next man she meets is perfect for her. Her development as a woman is complete after living and learning with Vergible Tea Cake Woods.

Tea Cake is the catalyst for the final stage of development of Janie as a woman. From Tea Cake, Janie learns to love and what it feels like to be loved. Tea Cake not only made Janie feel special with his words, but proved it as well by taking her fishing, hunting, to the movies, dancing, gardening with her, and other signs of possession (105). For a while, Janie and Tea Cake worked the fields together. For the first time in her life, Janie is enjoying life. She says ...we aint got nothin tuh do but do our work and come home and love (17). Eventually Tea Cake dies and Janie goes back to Eatonville. From her marriage with Tea Cake, Janie experienced love. This is something she believes very few people have experienced. Janies marriage with Tea Cake finishes her development as a woman.

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Janie clearly progressed in her development as a woman through the three marriages she had. Logan Killicks was her starting place. From him, she learned that she was missing love. Joe Starks gave her what she thought was love. It was only a show to win her over, which eventually gave way to his ulterior motives of building himself a name. His death gave Janie a new chance. Tea Cake was given the privilege of being the next to marry Janie. He taught her what love was. Although Janie became a woman when her first dream was broken, she completed her growth as a person when she learned about love.

Please note that this sample paper on friend is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on friend, we are here to assist you. Your research paper on friend will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Farewell to arms essay

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Evidently it did not matter whether I was there or not. (Pg. 16)

This quote shows that Henry doesn't really believe he is a part of this war and the anguish that comes from it. Only later in the novel when he falls deeper in love with Catherine, does he actually see the war as people should see it. Also this is one of the reasons why he deserts the Italian army. He saw the Italian army so confused and disordered that he had no reason to stay. He would rather go to and stay with Catherine, where it was a more controlled environment.

I didnt know about anything then. I thought it would be worse for him. I thought perhaps he couldnt stand it and then of course he was killed and that was the end of it.

I dont know.

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Oh, yes, she said. Thats the end of it (Pg. 1)

This quote shows that Catherine knows that death is the end of all things. She started to believe in this idea when her fianc'e died. The quote also shows that Frederick doesn't believe that death is the end of all things. He never really understands this concept until Catherine dies after having the baby. This is also when he realizes that he must live a life of discipline to fully understand the world.

I did not care what I was getting into. . . . I did not love Catherine Barkley nor had any idea of loving her. This was a game, like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards. Like bridge you had to pretend you were playing for money or playing for some stakes. Nobody had mentioned what the stakes were. (Pg. 1)

In this passage when Frederick is talking about how he is making his love affair with Catherine like a game, it shows that during this time period, soldiers just wanted to have short term relationships. Frederick never really thought during this time in the novel how things would end or the consequences that would result from it. He just had one thing on his mind and that was keeping the war out of it. Thinking about a woman would be a great idea for doing just that in his mind. Of course, during the course of the novel, Frederick does fall in love with Catherine which in turns gets him to view the war from a perspective like ordinary people would see it.

There, darling. Now youre all clean inside and out. Tell me. How many people have you ever loved? Nobody. Not even me? Yes, you. How many others really? None. How many have you'how do you say it?'stayed with? None . Youre lying to me. Yes. Its all right. Keep right on lying to me. Thats what I want you to do. Were they pretty? (Pg. 104)

This quote shows that both Frederick and Catherine are using their love affair to keep their minds off distractions in their lives. For Frederick it is the war, which he believes, has nothing to do with him. For Catherine it is the loss of her fianc'e. This quote also shows the beginning of a budding relationship between the two.

"All summer and all fall I've operated. I work all the time. I do everybody's work. All the hard ones they leave to me. By God, baby, I am becoming a lovely surgeon."

"That sounds better."

I never think. No, by God, I dont think; I operate.

"That's right."

"But now, baby, it's all over. I don't operate now and I feel like hell. This is a terrible war, baby. You believe me when I say it. (Pg. 167)

In this passage when Rinaldi is talking to Frederick, we can finally see as readers that Rinaldi is not just a plain partygoer but a fine surgeon as well. Rinaldi begins to fully understand that he can only find himself when he is operating. He knows that he now has a place where he can succeed in the world and help people at the same time. As a surgeon, Rinaldi understands that death is the end of all things. This is why Rinaldi has developed the inner discipline to go through life.

I did not say anything. I was embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice and the expression in vain. We had heard them, sometimes standing in the rain almost out of earshot, so that only the shouted words came through, and had read them, on proclamations, now for a long time, and I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. There were many words that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had dignity. Certain numbers were the same way and certain dates and these with the names of the places were all you could say and have them mean anything. Abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates. (Pg. 184-185)

In this passage when Frederick meets Gino, it shows Frederick's opposing feelings toward war. He thinks that abstractions such as honor and glory do not explain the truth about war, such as destruction. He believes to discuss war you must leave out tall tales and get down to the grim reality of war. The only way to understand the war is to understand that men will die and villages will be destroyed. He believes that honor and glory are artificial concepts.

When we were out past the tanneries onto the main road the troops, the motor trucks, the horse-drawn carts and the guns were in one wide slow-moving column. We moved slowly but steadily in the rain, the radiator cap of our car almost against the tailboard of a truck that was loaded high, the load covered with wet canvas. Then the truck stopped. The whole column was stopped. It started again and we went a little farther, then stopped. I got out and walked ahead, going between the trucks and carts and under the wet necks of the horses. (Pg. 14)

This passage shows the great descriptive writings of Hemingway. He wrote in great detail what these soldiers went through in the frontlines of battle. The passage explains how soldiers would have had to crawl through narrow places to get from place to place. Hemingway wants you to feel like you are down in the dirt and mud with the rest of the soldiers while you are reading this section.

I had always expected to become devout. All my family died very devout. But somehow it does not come. (Pg. 6)

This quote shows that Count Greffi wanted to become a religious man, but he has yet to find religion himself. This is why he asks his friends to pray for him. He thought that when he was older he would become religious and be able to pray for himself. This shows a lot about his character. Most men would lose faith in the world and themselves if they couldn't find a way to believe. Again, like most of the characters in the novel, he has found an inner discipline to keep faith in his life.

Please note that this sample paper on Farewell to arms essay is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Farewell to arms essay, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Farewell to arms essay will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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