Mier Expedition

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The Mier Expedition

On October , 184, Sam Houston ordered General Alexander Somervell to organize an expedition as punishment for the Mexican raids on San Antonio. Almost 700 volunteers came to San Antonio to take part in the march.

The expedition left San Antonio on November 5, 184 headed for Mexico. It captured Laredo on December 8, and then headed south along the Rio Grande into the town of Guerreo, Mexico.

Houston requested that the invasion continue only if there seemed to be a reasonable chance to win. After the capture of Laredo, almost one-third of the men came home. Somervell decided that there were not enough men or supplies to go further into Mexico. He ordered the men to disband and return to Texas.

Custom Essays on Mier Expedition

The Texan troops felt betrayed by his order and over 00 men voted to continue the raids. This became known as the Mier Expedition. They traveled deeper into Mexico, and surrendered to the Mexican army at the town of Mier on December 7, 184. They were taken to the Hacienda Salado, where they tried to escape in February, 184.

President Santa Anna was upset when he heard about the escape attempt, and ordered that every tenth man be executed. A jar was placed on a table in the prison yard and contained 17 black beans and 15 white beans. Each prisoner had to draw a bean for his life. It became known as the "Black Bean lottery". The 17 men were executed March , 184.

The survivors were sent to Perote Prison in the Mexican state of Yucatan. Of those prisoners who did not die, all were set free by 1844. The youngest survivor was a 1-year-old

boy, John Christopher Columbus Hill. He was taken to Mexico City where he was raised and educated by Santa Anna's Secretary of War, General Tornel. He chose to stay in the Republic of Mexico as an adult.

During the Mexican War in 1847, Texas Rangers, under the command of Major Walter P. Lane, made a side trip to Hacienda Salado and recovered the remains of 16 of the 17 buried there. Captain John Duesenberry , a "white bean veteran" who survived the prison was with him on this trip. The U.S. Army allowed Captain Duesenberry to accompany the remains "home" to LaGrange for burial.

The remains were reburied with those of volunteer militia soldiers killed at Salado Creek in September 184. They were given full military honors on September 18, 1848 in a tomb on Monument Hill on a bluff overlooking the Colorado River and the town of LaGrange, Texas.

A muster of companies for the Mier Expedition is in the State of Texas Archives in Austin. Shown on the list are Colonel William G. Fisher, Ewing Cameron, William M. Eastland, William Ryon, J.G.W. Pierson, James C. Armstrong, Joseph D. McCutchan, Charles K. Reese and Claudius Buster. A letter from Buster was placed in the cornerstone of the Texas State Capitol in 1885.

The fight at Mier did not really help or hurt Texas in the fight against Mexico. It did anger the Texans when they heard of the executions, and maybe motivate them to fight harder. The idea that Texans should die without their freedom was against the way they lived and fought.

Bibliography

Armstrong, James C. "Armstrong-Buster Documents Campaigns of 184 Military Rolls". Austin State of Texas Archives. Documents #0, 184.

Day, James M. Black Beans and Goose Quills Literature of the Texan Mier Expedition. Waco Texian Press, 170.

McCutchan, Joseph D. Edited by Joseph Milton Nance. Mier Expedition Diary A Texan Prisoner's Account by Joseph D. McCutchan. Austin University of Texas Press, 17.

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